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Disfunciones intestinales en adultos jóvenes con esclerosis múltiple: un estudio retrospectivo
Edoardo Sessa1, Lilla Bonanno1, Carla Susinna1
1IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy.
Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Las disfunciones intestinales afectan significativamente la calidad de vida de los adultos jóvenes con esclerosis múltiple (EM), afectando el bienestar físico, emocional y social. Abordar estos síntomas es crucial para mejorar los resultados generales de los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Gastroenterología
- Investigación sobre la calidad de vida
Sus antecedentes:
- La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa crónica que afecta a los adultos jóvenes.
- Las disfunciones intestinales, incluidos el estreñimiento y la incontinencia fecal, son síntomas significativos pero a menudo pasados por alto en la EM.
- La EM afecta negativamente el bienestar físico, emocional y social, especialmente en pacientes con EM más jóvenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de las disfunciones intestinales en la calidad de vida (QoL) en adultos jóvenes con EM recidivante-remitente (EMR) y discapacidad leve.
- Identificar los síntomas intestinales específicos que se correlacionan más fuertemente con la disminución de los dominios de calidad de vida.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio retrospectivo transversal de 110 adultos jóvenes con EMR (EDSS ≤ 3,5).
- Evaluación de los síntomas intestinales utilizando las escalas de incontinencia y estreñimiento de Wexner.
- Medición de la calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario MSQoL-54 y análisis estadístico de correlación.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la gravedad de los síntomas intestinales y múltiples dominios de calidad de vida (funcionamiento físico, emocional y social).
- El dolor abdominal y la incontinencia fecal líquida se asociaron fuertemente con puntuaciones más bajas de salud mental y física.
- Se observaron diferencias específicas de género, y las mujeres experimentaron impactos distintos en el bienestar social y emocional.
Conclusiones:
- La disfunción intestinal impone una carga sustancial en la calidad de vida de los adultos jóvenes con EM.
- Se necesita urgentemente una atención integrada y multidisciplinaria que aborde los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Un enfoque clínico holístico es esencial para mejorar el bienestar general de esta población de pacientes.
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