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Determinantes fisiológicos y físicos del kayak en aguas planas
Yi Shin Lee1, Amelia Dingley2, Danny Lum3,4
1Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
El rendimiento del kayak de agua plana está relacionado con la capacidad aeróbica, los umbrales anaeróbicos y la fuerza. La asociación de la masa magra requiere una mayor investigación debido a las diferencias en el tiempo de medición.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del deporte
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Biomecánica
Sus antecedentes:
- El kayak en aguas planas exige atributos fisiológicos y físicos significativos.
- Comprender estos determinantes es crucial para el entrenamiento del atleta y la optimización del rendimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar e identificar sistemáticamente los factores fisiológicos y físicos clave que influyen en el rendimiento del kayak en aguas planas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Google Scholar y Microsoft Academic (1991-2022).
- La evaluación de calidad utilizó una lista de control modificada del Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre.
- Se incluyeron 17 artículos relevantes después de revisar 169 registros iniciales.
Principales resultados:
- La absorción máxima de oxígeno (VO2max), los umbrales aeróbicos y anaeróbicos y la capacidad aeróbica/anaeróbica máxima se correlacionan fuertemente con el rendimiento.
- La fuerza y la potencia de la parte superior e inferior del cuerpo, evaluadas a través de medidas de resistencia, isométricas e isokinéticas, también son determinantes clave.
- La relación entre la masa magra total y el rendimiento sigue siendo menos clara, posiblemente debido a los diferentes tiempos de medición.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores fisiológicos clave para el kayak de agua plana incluyen VO2max y umbrales metabólicos.
- La fuerza muscular y el poder son determinantes físicos críticos.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar el papel de la masa magra, teniendo en cuenta la consistencia de la medición.
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