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Riesgo de demencia en pacientes con psicosis: un estudio de cohorte basado en registros daneses
Simone Normark1, Marie Kim Wium-Andersen2, Merete Osler2,3
1Psykiatrien Region Sjælland, Roskilde, Denmark.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con psicosis enfrentan un riesgo significativamente mayor de desarrollar demencia. Este riesgo es particularmente elevado para la psicosis de inicio tardío y antes de los 70 años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia y Psiquiatría
- Epidemiología y salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La psicosis es una condición mental compleja.
- La demencia es un trastorno neurodegenerativo progresivo.
- Comprender el vínculo entre la psicosis y el riesgo de demencia es crucial para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la psicosis y el riesgo subsiguiente de demencia.
- Para explorar cómo la edad en el inicio de la psicosis influye en el riesgo de demencia.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron los registros nacionales de salud daneses, incluidos 39.022 pacientes con psicosis y 195.109 controles.
- Regresión de riesgo proporcional de Cox empleado, ajustado por factores sociodemográficos y trastorno por consumo de alcohol.
- Análisis estratificados por edad de inicio de la psicosis (< 45/45 años) y edad de seguimiento (60-70, 70-80, 80+ años).
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con psicosis presentaron un mayor riesgo de demencia en todas las edades de seguimiento.
- La estimación del riesgo más alto de demencia se observó antes de los 70 años (HR ajustado 4, 44).
- El riesgo varió con la edad de aparición de la psicosis, alcanzando su punto máximo con la psicosis de aparición tardía (HR ajustado 5.16).
Conclusiones:
- La psicosis está asociada con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar demencia.
- El riesgo de demencia en individuos con psicosis está influenciado por la edad de inicio de la psicosis y la edad en el seguimiento.
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