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Evolución de la insuficiencia hepática aguda relacionada con la hepatitis A en América del Norte durante 22 años

Usamah Chaudhary¹, Ahmad Anouti², Jody A Rule³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX.

The American journal of gastroenterology

|August 22, 2025

Resumen

El virus de la hepatitis A (HAV) es una causa rara de insuficiencia hepática aguda (ALF). Se observó una disminución de los casos de HAV-ALF, con un aumento de la lesión hepática aguda (ALI) después de 2010, a pesar de pocos casos de ALF.

Área de la Ciencia:

Hepatología
Virología
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

El virus de la hepatitis A (HAV) es una causa poco frecuente de insuficiencia hepática aguda (ALF).
El aumento de las tasas de vacunación contra la hepatitis A ha contribuido a una disminución de los casos generales de HAV.
El pronóstico de la ALF relacionada con el VHA es generalmente favorable para la recuperación del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar las tendencias en los casos de insuficiencia hepática aguda relacionada con el virus de la hepatitis A (HAV-ALF) durante un período de 24 años.
Investigar la incidencia de la lesión hepática aguda (ALI) en relación con el HAV-ALF.
Evaluar el impacto de la vacunación en la incidencia de HAV-ALF y ALI.

Principales métodos:

Revisión retrospectiva del registro del grupo de estudio de insuficiencia hepática aguda.
El análisis de datos abarca 24 años.
Inclusión de los datos de lesión hepática aguda (LHA) a partir de 2010.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una disminución significativa en el número de casos de HAV-ALF registrados durante el período de estudio.
Después de 2010, se observó un aparente aumento en la incidencia de lesión hepática aguda (ALI).
A pesar del aumento de la IAL, los casos de FAL se mantuvieron poco frecuentes.

Conclusiones:

La incidencia de insuficiencia hepática aguda relacionada con el virus de la hepatitis A ha disminuido notablemente.
El aumento de la lesión hepática aguda sugiere un posible cambio en la presentación o detección de la enfermedad.
La vacunación contra la hepatitis A parece ser eficaz para reducir los resultados graves como la FAL.

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