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Precauciones de barrera mejoradas para prevenir la transmisión de Staphylococcus aureus y organismos resistentes al
Lyndsay M O'Hara1, Michelle Newman1, Alison D Lydecker1
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Las precauciones de barrera mejoradas (EBP) son factibles en las unidades de ventilación crónica de hogares de ancianos (NH-CVU). La aplicación de EBP disminuyó significativamente la transmisión de organismos resistentes a los carbapenemas (CRO) en una de las unidades NH-CVU.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Control y prevención de las infecciones
- Epidemiología de la salud
- Cuidados en hogares de ancianos
Sus antecedentes:
- Las unidades de ventilación crónica de hogares de ancianos (NH-CVU) son entornos de alto riesgo para la transmisión de organismos multirresistentes (MDRO).
- Las prácticas estándar de control de infecciones pueden no ser suficientes para prevenir la propagación de patógenos como Staphylococcus aureus (SA) y los organismos resistentes a los carbapenos (CRO) en estos entornos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la viabilidad de la aplicación de medidas de prevención de barreras mejoradas (EBP, por sus siglas en inglés) en las unidades NH-CVU.
- Evaluar el efecto de la EBP en la transmisión de Staphylococcus aureus (SA) y de organismos resistentes a los carbapenemas (CRO) entre los residentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo un estudio de intervención previa y posterior en dos hogares de ancianos comunitarios con UCV.
- Los residentes fueron monitoreados mensualmente para la adquisición de SA y CRO durante los períodos de referencia y de intervención.
- Las precauciones de barrera mejoradas (EBP), incluido el uso de bata y guantes para la atención de alto contacto, se implementaron después de un período de capacitación.
Principales resultados:
- El uso de batas aumentó significativamente en ambas instalaciones después de la implementación de EBP.
- La transmisión de residente a residente de SA o CRO disminuyó en un 25% en una NH-CVU y en un 67% en la otra.
- La transmisión de organismos resistentes al carbapenem (CRO) se redujo en un 33% en una unidad y en un 83% en la otra.
Conclusiones:
- Las precauciones de barrera mejoradas (EBP) son factibles para implementar en las unidades de ventilación crónica de hogares de ancianos (NH-CVU).
- EBP demostró un potencial para disminuir la transmisión global de SA y CRO en NH-CVU, en particular la transmisión de CRO.
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