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Síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en adultos desplazados por desastres naturales
Ther W Aung1,2, Kari O'Donnell1,2, Susan De Luca1,2
1Population Health and Equity Research Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio.
JAMA network open
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
El desplazamiento por desastre aumenta los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en los adultos estadounidenses. Una mayor duración del desplazamiento, especialmente el hecho de no volver nunca a casa, eleva estos riesgos para la salud mental, especialmente para los grupos vulnerables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Investigación de la salud mental
- Epidemiología de los desastres
Sus antecedentes:
- Las consecuencias para la salud mental de los desplazamientos provocados por desastres a gran escala siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidas.
- Comprender estos resultados es crucial para las estrategias eficaces de gestión y recuperación de desastres.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad y el desplazamiento debido a desastres naturales.
- Examinar cómo la duración del desplazamiento afecta los resultados de la salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal que utiliza datos de la Encuesta de Pulso de los Hogares de la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos (diciembre de 2022 - octubre de 2023).
- Evaluación de la depresión y la ansiedad mediante cuestionarios validados de 2 puntos.
- Analizó datos de más de 183 millones de adultos estadounidenses, considerando el estado y la duración del desplazamiento.
Principales resultados:
- El desplazamiento de más de una semana se relacionó con probabilidades significativamente más altas de depresión y ansiedad.
- El aumento de la duración del desplazamiento se correlacionó con mayores probabilidades de síntomas de salud mental.
- Las personas que nunca regresaron a casa mostraron las mayores probabilidades de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad.
- Las poblaciones socialmente vulnerables experimentaron una mayor prevalencia de estos síntomas.
Conclusiones:
- El desplazamiento inducido por el desastre se asocia con un aumento de los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en los adultos estadounidenses.
- El riesgo aumenta con la duración más larga del desplazamiento, alcanzando su punto máximo para los desplazados permanentes.
- Se necesita atención urgente para el apoyo a la salud mental, especialmente para las poblaciones socialmente vulnerables afectadas por desastres.
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