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Traslado de patógenos respiratorios: Tendencias posteriores a la COVID-19 en las infecciones adquiridas en la
Rayane Rafei1, Marwan Osman2, Bashir Amer Barake3
1Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School for Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
PloS one
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio revela altas tasas de coinfección en las infecciones respiratorias libanesas, siendo el rinovirus/enterovirus humano el más común. Los niveles de educación superior se correlacionan con un menor riesgo de influenza A y RSV, mientras que los refugiados enfrentan un mayor riesgo de virus parainfluenzales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Epidemiología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio (ITR) representan un importante desafío para la salud mundial.
- Los datos epidemiológicos limitados posteriores al COVID-19 sobre las ITR en el Líbano requieren una investigación adicional.
- Las ITR adquiridas en la Comunidad en niños y adultos requieren información epidemiológica actualizada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la epidemiología de las infecciones respiratorias agudas adquiridas en la comunidad en Trípoli, Líbano del Norte.
- Identificar los patógenos respiratorios comunes y su prevalencia en pacientes ambulatorios.
- Determinar los factores asociados con las infecciones respiratorias y la co-ocurrencia de patógenos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio multicéntrico realizado desde mayo de 2023 hasta febrero de 2024 en Trípoli, Líbano del Norte.
- Muestras nasofaríngeas recolectadas de 324 pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados con infecciones respiratorias agudas.
- BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 Plus utilizado para la detección de 23 patógenos respiratorios virales y bacterianos; regresión logística multivariable aplicada para el análisis.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una alta tasa de coinfección (69,1%) entre los pacientes.
- Los patógenos más frecuentes son el rinovirus/enterovirus humano (27,2%), la influenza A (19,8%), el RSV (11,4%) y el SARS-CoV-2 (6,8%).
- El rinovirus/enterovirus humano disminuyó las probabilidades de coinfección con la influenza A y el SARS-CoV-2. La educación superior está relacionada con un menor riesgo de influenza A y VSR. El estatus de refugiado está asociado con un mayor riesgo de virus parainfluenza.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio proporciona información crucial sobre el panorama de RTI después de la pandemia en el Líbano.
- Los hallazgos informan la práctica clínica, las estrategias de salud pública y la administración antimicrobiana.
- Comprender los patrones epidemiológicos es vital para optimizar la prevención y el tratamiento de las infecciones respiratorias.
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