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Ingesta de proteínas en la dieta y composición corporal, sarcopenia y obesidad sarcopénica: un estudio prospectivo
Yahong Wu1, Tosca O E de Crom2, Zhangling Chen3
1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Una mayor ingesta de proteínas animales protege contra la sarcopenia en los adultos mayores, pero aumenta el riesgo de obesidad. Las recomendaciones de proteínas dietéticas personalizadas son cruciales para prevenir la sarcopenia y la obesidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Análisis de la composición corporal
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad y la sarcopenia son problemas de salud importantes en las poblaciones que envejecen.
- El papel de la proteína dietética en la masa muscular y el tejido adiposo es complejo.
- Las dietas ricas en proteínas, especialmente de origen animal, pueden aumentar la grasa corporal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las asociaciones entre la ingesta total de proteínas animales y vegetales y la composición corporal.
- Examinar la relación entre la ingesta de proteínas y el riesgo de sarcopenia y obesidad sarcopénica en adultos mayores.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de 4576 participantes (edad media de 65,1 años) en el Estudio de Rotterdam basado en la población.
- La ingesta de proteínas en la dieta se evaluó mediante cuestionarios de frecuencia de los alimentos.
- La composición corporal y la fuerza de agarre se midieron a lo largo del tiempo; la sarcopenia y la obesidad sarcopénica se definieron utilizando criterios establecidos.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la ingesta total de proteínas se correlacionó con un mayor IMC, índice de masa grasa y porcentaje de grasa corporal a lo largo del tiempo.
- Una mayor ingesta de proteínas se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de obesidad sarcopénica pero con una disminución del riesgo de sarcopenia.
- Estos efectos fueron impulsados predominantemente por la ingesta de proteínas animales.
Conclusiones:
- Una mayor ingesta de proteínas, especialmente de origen animal, demuestra un doble efecto: protector contra la sarcopenia pero asociado con un mayor riesgo de obesidad.
- El asesoramiento dietético sobre proteínas adaptado a las personas mayores es esencial, teniendo en cuenta sus necesidades específicas y su estado de salud.
- Las recomendaciones deben tener como objetivo prevenir simultáneamente la sarcopenia, la obesidad y la obesidad sarcopénica.
Palabras clave:
Composiciones corporalesIngesta de proteínas en la dietaEstudio longitudinal de cohorteLa sarcopeniaObesidad sarcopénicaMás Videos Relacionados
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