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Códigos acústicos entre especies para sí y no en vocalizaciones no verbales humanas
Anna Gábor1, Fanni Lehoczki1, Flavie Bensaali-Nemes1
1Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Neuroethology of Communication Lab, Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Cognition
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Los humanos pueden usar intencionalmente señales vocales para señalar "sí" o "no" a los perros, con distintos patrones acústicos que transmiten estos significados en diferentes lugares. Esta investigación amplía nuestra comprensión de los códigos acústicos universales en las vocalizaciones de los mamíferos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioacústica
- Comunicación de los animales
- Psicología Comparada
Sus antecedentes:
- Los códigos acústicos en las vocalizaciones de los mamíferos se entienden principalmente para contextos autorreferenciales.
- La existencia de códigos más amplios e interpretables entre especies sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los humanos utilizan una acústica vocal distinta para señalar alentamiento ("sí") u objeción ("no") a los perros.
- Para determinar si estos códigos acústicos son generalizables a través de diferentes referencias espaciales ("aquí" frente a "allí").
Principales métodos:
- Los humanos vocalizaban órdenes de "sí" o "no" a los perros con respecto al movimiento hacia "aquí" o "allá".
- Se analizaron los parámetros acústicos de estas vocalizaciones, correlacionados con el comportamiento del perro (aproximación / evitación).
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron patrones acústicos distintos para las señales de "sí" y "no", consistentes en todas las ubicaciones y altavoces.
- Las características acústicas específicas (por ejemplo, f0, HNR, longitud de llamada) diferenciaron el estímulo de la objeción.
- Las referencias espaciales ('aquí' frente a 'allí') mostraron distinciones acústicas análogas, aunque a veces dependientes del contexto.
Conclusiones:
- Las vocalizaciones no verbales humanas contienen patrones acústicos robustos y descodificables entre especies para "sí" y "no".
- Los números primos semánticos que subyacen a las distinciones "sí" / "no" y "aquí" / "allá" parecen compartidos.
- Los códigos acústicos universales en los mamíferos pueden extenderse más allá de los mensajes de estado interno a significados generales independientes del contexto.
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