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Reducción del riesgo de mortalidad en los adultos mayores mediante la sustitución del comportamiento sedentario por
Lucas Lima Galvão1, Douglas de Assis Teles Santos2, Claudio André Barbosa de Lira3
1Physical Education Professional, Postgraduate Student in Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, No 514, Bairro Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-010, Brazil.
Brazilian journal of physical therapy
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Reemplazar el comportamiento sedentario con la actividad física en el tiempo libre reduce significativamente el riesgo de mortalidad en los adultos mayores. La promoción de las actividades de ocio es crucial para mejorar la longevidad y la salud de este grupo demográfico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física ofrece numerosos beneficios para la salud.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar el impacto de la AP en el riesgo de mortalidad en adultos mayores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos de la sustitución del comportamiento sedentario (SB) y diferentes dominios de PA en el riesgo de mortalidad en adultos mayores.
- Analizar el impacto en la mortalidad de la sustitución del tiempo pasado en SB por PA, y viceversa.
- Proporcionar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para promover estilos de vida saludables en la población mayor.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo basado en la población en el que participaron 332 adultos de 60 años o más, seguido durante cinco años.
- Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) utilizado para evaluar la AP y la AP en los ámbitos del ocio, el trabajo, el transporte y el hogar.
- El modelo de reemplazo isotemporal y la regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox analizaron el riesgo de mortalidad asociado con el desplazamiento temporal entre los dominios SB y PA.
Principales resultados:
- El reemplazo del tiempo de comportamiento sedentario (SB) por la actividad física en el tiempo de ocio (PA) demostró un efecto protector contra la mortalidad.
- Por el contrario, la sustitución de la PA en el tiempo de ocio por la SB se asoció con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad.
- Estos hallazgos fueron consistentes en todos los puntos de tiempo probados en los modelos de reemplazo isotemporal.
Conclusiones:
- La promoción de la actividad física en el tiempo libre es una estrategia clave para reducir el riesgo de mortalidad en los adultos mayores.
- Las intervenciones deben centrarse en alentar a los adultos mayores a participar en actividades de ocio para mejorar los resultados de salud.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de las opciones de estilo de vida para mitigar la mortalidad en las poblaciones que envejecen.
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