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Intervenciones de alfabetización en salud electrónica: revisión del alcance
Yan Wang1, Yutian Niu2, Rongjing Xu1
1School of Nursing, Fudan University, No.305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China, 86 13467620600.
Interactive journal of medical research
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Esta revisión sintetiza las intervenciones de alfabetización en salud electrónica (eHL), encontrando aplicaciones móviles efectivas pero sin datos a largo plazo. Las intervenciones futuras necesitan una teoría más sólida y medidas objetivas para obtener mejores resultados en materia de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud digital
- Alfabetización para la salud
- Ciencias de la intervención
Sus antecedentes:
- Los recursos electrónicos son clave para la información de salud, lo que requiere alfabetización en salud electrónica (eHL) para una participación efectiva.
- La alfabetización en salud electrónica (eHL, por sus siglas en inglés) abarca las competencias para encontrar, evaluar y utilizar información de salud digital.
- La mejora de la salud electrónica es crucial para que las personas gestionen su salud de manera efectiva utilizando recursos en línea.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y sintetizar sistemáticamente las características de las intervenciones destinadas a mejorar la alfabetización en materia de salud electrónica.
- Proporcionar una referencia fundamental para el desarrollo de futuras estrategias de intervención en materia de derecho humano electrónico.
- Identificar los componentes comunes de las intervenciones, los métodos de ejecución y las medidas de resultado en la investigación en materia de derecho humano electrónico.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión exhaustiva del alcance de los estudios publicados en inglés y chino antes de agosto de 2024.
- Buscado en varias bases de datos incluyendo PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, y CINAHL.
- Incluidos los estudios de intervención cuyo objetivo primario o secundario sea mejorar la eHL, que requieran conjuntos de datos accesibles al público.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron 35 estudios, siendo las aplicaciones/dispositivos móviles el método de entrega más común (34%).
- Las intervenciones se centraron en la información, la salud y la alfabetización informática en seis dominios de eHL.
- La mayoría de las intervenciones mostraron efectos positivos (86%) en la percepción de la eHL, el conocimiento, las habilidades y los comportamientos de salud, aunque el 77% carecía de seguimiento a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- Las actuales intervenciones de alfabetización en salud electrónica a menudo carecen de una sólida base teórica y una evaluación longitudinal.
- La excesiva dependencia de las medidas autoinformadas limita la validez de los resultados actuales de las intervenciones de EH.
- La investigación futura debe dar prioridad a marcos teóricos sólidos, métricas objetivas de resultados y diseños de seguimiento a largo plazo.
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