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Lignina modificada químicamente hacia ánodos de carbono duro de alto rendimiento en baterías de iones de sodio
Shunsheng Yang1, Lei Zhong1, Hai Li2
1Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
La modificación química de la lignina con grupos de nitrógeno mejora sus carbonos duros derivados para baterías de iones de sodio. Esta estrategia mejora la estructura de los poros y aumenta la capacidad y la estabilidad de almacenamiento de iones de sodio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- La electroquímica
- Química sustentable
Sus antecedentes:
- La lignina es un polímero aromático sostenible y un precursor prometedor para los materiales de los electrodos de carbono.
- La estructura aromática de la lignina dificulta el almacenamiento de iones de sodio mediante la formación de dominios similares al grafito, lo que limita la formación de poros.
- El desarrollo de materiales de carbono eficientes a partir de la biomasa es crucial para el almacenamiento de energía.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Modificar químicamente los grupos funcionales de la lignina mediante el injerto de fracciones que contienen nitrógeno.
- Mejorar la formación de nanodominios de grafeno desordenados y poros cerrados en carbonos duros derivados de la lignina.
- Mejorar la capacidad de almacenamiento de iones de sodio y el rendimiento electroquímico de estos materiales.
Principales métodos:
- Injerto de grupos que contienen nitrógeno de baja energía de enlace (amonio cuaternario y amida) en moléculas de lignina.
- Carbonización de la lignina modificada para producir carbonos duros.
- Pruebas electroquímicas de los carbones duros como ánodos en las baterías de iones de sodio.
Principales resultados:
- La lignina modificada exhibió una estabilidad térmica reducida y una mayor liberación de gas de pirólisis.
- Se observaron mayores volúmenes de poros cerrados en carbonos duros modificados (0,259-0,289 cm3 g-1).
- Se logró una capacidad de almacenamiento de iones de sodio significativamente mejorada (330-367 mAh g-1) y una capacidad de meseta (232-262 mAh g-1).
Conclusiones:
- La modificación química de la lignina es una estrategia eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento de almacenamiento de iones de sodio.
- Los grupos que contienen nitrógeno promueven estructuras desordenadas, lo que conduce a mejores características de los poros.
- Este enfoque ofrece una vía viable para el desarrollo de ánodos de alto rendimiento derivados de la biomasa para baterías de iones de sodio.
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