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Las fuentes regionales impulsan la deposición atmosférica de microplásticos en zonas rurales
Mehriban Jafarova1, Julian Aherne2, Stefano Loppi3
1Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy; School of Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, K9L 0G2, Canada.
Environmental research
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
La deposición de microplásticos (MP) en la Toscana estuvo dominada por fibras textiles y partículas de desgaste de neumáticos, con fuentes agrícolas locales como el mantillo plástico contribuyendo significativamente. El biomonitoreo de musgo reveló factores antropogénicos regionales, no el transporte de larga distancia, como las principales influencias en la contaminación por MP.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ecotoxicología
- Química de la atmósfera
Sus antecedentes:
- El creciente enfoque en el transporte atmosférico a larga distancia de microplásticos (MP) ha eclipsado las fuentes locales.
- Los musgos son bioacumuladores efectivos de contaminantes en el aire, lo que los hace adecuados para el monitoreo a escala regional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la abundancia y las fuentes de deposición de microplásticos a escala regional en la Toscana, Italia central.
- Evaluar el potencial de la biomonitorización del musgo para evaluar las fuentes de contaminación atmosférica por microplásticos.
Principales métodos:
- Se recogió musgo pleurocarpo de 33 sitios rurales de fondo en un área de 22.994 km2.
- Se analizaron 288 microplásticos (> 50-5000 μm) por tipo, composición de polímero y masa.
- Las concentraciones de microplásticos correlacionadas con la población, la proximidad urbana y el contenido de metales pesados (Cr, Ni) en el tejido del musgo.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron un total de 288 PM, dominados por las fibras (86,8%) y las partículas de desgaste de los neumáticos (4,9%).
- Los polímeros dominantes incluyen el tereftalato de polietileno (29,2%), el ácido poliacrílico (16,7%) y el polietileno (12,5%), lo que indica fuentes agrícolas y urbanas.
- Las concentraciones de microplásticos estuvieron significativamente asociadas con factores locales/regionales (población, centros urbanos, niveles de Cr/Ni), no con el transporte de larga distancia.
Conclusiones:
- El biomonitoreo del musgo es una herramienta práctica para evaluar las fuentes regionales de microplásticos atmosféricos.
- Los plásticos agrícolas locales y los centros urbanos contribuyen significativamente a la deposición de microplásticos regionales.
- Los resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las actividades antropogénicas locales y regionales en las evaluaciones de la contaminación por microplásticos.
Palabras clave:
Plásticos agrícolasBiomonitorización de las enfermedadesItalia centralHipnum cupressiforme y sus variedadesLas microfibrasSe trata de una especie muy común en el mundo.La ToscanaMás Videos Relacionados
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