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Intervenciones de salud digital para la depresión y la ansiedad en países de ingresos bajos y medios: revisión rápida
Leena W Chau1, Raymond W Lam2, Harry Minas3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
JMIR mental health
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Las intervenciones digitales de salud mental (DMHI) son prometedoras para abordar la carga de la enfermedad mental en los países de ingresos bajos y medios (LMIC). Se necesita más investigación para mejorar la fidelidad del DMHI, la usabilidad y la adaptación cultural para una absorción exitosa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Intervenciones digitales en salud mental
- Salud mental en el mundo
- Equidad en salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Los países de ingresos bajos y medios (LMIC) enfrentan cargas significativas de salud mental exacerbadas por COVID-19.
- Las deficiencias preexistentes en los sistemas de atención de la salud mental en los PMAI se vieron agravadas por la pandemia.
- Las intervenciones digitales de salud mental (DMHI) han aumentado, a menudo adaptadas a formatos presenciales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una revisión de alcance rápido de la evidencia sobre los DMHIs para la depresión y la ansiedad en los LMIC.
- Examinar la fidelidad, la usabilidad y la adaptación cultural de los DMHI en entornos LMIC.
- Identificar los desafíos y los facilitadores para la adopción de la DMHI en los PYMES.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión rápida del alcance siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA-ScR.
- Busqué en las bases de datos de PubMed y PsycINFO los registros de enero de 2020 a enero de 2025.
- Datos trazados sobre el tipo de intervención, la fidelidad, la usabilidad, la adaptación cultural, los desafíos y los facilitadores.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron ochenta registros, identificando seis plataformas DMHI: aplicación móvil, web, realidad virtual, videoconferencia, telemedicina y redes sociales.
- La fidelidad (20%), la usabilidad (36%) y la adaptación cultural (39%) se discutieron en menos de la mitad de los registros.
- Los desafíos clave incluyeron cuestiones tecnológicas, compromiso, barreras estructurales y preocupaciones de privacidad; los facilitadores incluyeron el acceso y la comodidad del teléfono móvil.
Conclusiones:
- Los DMHI ofrecen oportunidades para reducir la brecha de tratamiento de salud mental en los LMIC.
- Las mejoras en la fidelidad del DMHI, la usabilidad y la adaptación cultural son cruciales.
- Para evitar la ampliación de la brecha digital, es esencial abordar las cuestiones contextuales, las barreras estructurales y las preocupaciones sobre la privacidad.
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