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Ribozymes

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...

Riboswitches

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Bacterial Transcription

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Explorando el espacio de las ribozimas autorreproductivas utilizando modelos generativos

Camille N Lambert¹, Vaitea Opuu^1,2, Francesco Calvanese^1,3

¹Laboratoire de Biophysique et Evolution, UMR CNRS-ESPCI 8231 Chimie Biologie Innovation, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France.

Nature communications

|August 22, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio explora la autorreproducción del ARN, crucial para las teorías del origen de la vida. Los investigadores encontraron más de 1039 ribozimas auto-reproductivas, expandiendo nuestra comprensión de la abiogénesis.

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Área de la Ciencia:

El origen de los estudios biológicos
Biología molecular
La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

La autorreproducción del ARN es clave para comprender la abiogénesis.
Pocos ARN catalíticos han demostrado esta propiedad.
Explorar el espacio de secuencia de ARN es esencial para la investigación del origen de la vida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comparar modelos de su potencia generativa en la diversificación de una ribozima de referencia.
Para probar experimentalmente las predicciones del modelo utilizando secuenciación de alto rendimiento.
Evaluar cuantitativamente el potencial de autorreproducción del ARN en la abiogénesis.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó la covarianza estadística y la predicción de la estructura secundaria para modelar la diversificación del ARN.
Se empleó secuenciación de alto rendimiento para validar experimentalmente las predicciones del modelo.
Se utilizaron métodos de física estadística para calcular el número de ribozimas autorreproducidas.

Principales resultados:

Se calcularon más de 10^39 ribozimas capaces de auto-reproducción catalítica.
Se identificaron secuencias de hasta 65 mutaciones del original y 99 mutaciones aparte.
Esto demuestra un gran potencial para la exploración espacial de la secuencia de ARN.

Conclusiones:

Se demostró un método eficiente para explorar el espacio de secuencia de ARN.
Se proporcionaron datos cuantitativos sobre el ARN autorreproducido.
Los hallazgos iluminan las posibles vías de la abiogénesis.