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Infecciones del tracto respiratorio en el Gran Magal de Touba: un estudio de siete años
Coumba Diouf1,2,3,4, Ihssane Ouaddane2, Van Thuan Hoang5
1Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, MINES, Dakar, Senegal.
Scientific reports
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
El Gran Magal de la reunión religiosa de Touba plantea riesgos de infección respiratoria. Los estudios encontraron un alto transporte de bacterias como Haemophilus spp. y virus, con coinfecciones comunes en peregrinos sintomáticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Salud pública
- Microbiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El Gran Magal de Touba (GMT) es la reunión religiosa más grande de África Occidental, que plantea riesgos significativos de transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas, particularmente infecciones respiratorias.
- Las reuniones masivas requieren comprender la dinámica del transporte de patógenos para mitigar las amenazas a la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar el transporte de patógenos respiratorios entre los peregrinos que asisten al Gran Magal de Touba.
- Identificar los principales patógenos y factores de riesgo asociados con las infecciones respiratorias durante este evento importante.
Principales métodos:
- La PCR cuantitativa (qPCR) se utilizó para detectar patógenos respiratorios en 1067 peregrinos (saludables, sintomáticos sin consulta, con consulta sintomática) entre 2017 y 2023.
- El análisis incluyó la prevalencia de patógenos, las tasas de coinfección y las asociaciones con síntomas y datos demográficos.
Principales resultados:
- Altas tasas de transporte de Haemophilus spp. (hasta el 62%) y Staphylococcus aureus (hasta el 31%). También se detectaron rinovirus y coronavirus endémicos en peregrinos sanos.
- Los peregrinos sintomáticos mostraron una mayor prevalencia de la influenza A (29%), el virus sincitial respiratorio (14%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (47%) y Moraxella catarrhalis (39%).
- Las coinfecciones fueron significativamente más altas en individuos sintomáticos (hasta el 51%), con el género femenino asociado con un aumento de los síntomas respiratorios.
Conclusiones:
- Es probable que los virus de la gripe, el virus sincitial respiratorio, Streptococcus pneumoniae y Moraxella catarrhalis sean actores clave en las infecciones respiratorias en el GMT.
- Los hallazgos destacan la carga sustancial de patógenos respiratorios durante las reuniones masivas e informan las estrategias de salud pública.
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