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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Crossing Over01:34

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Using Caenorhabditis elegans for Studying Trans- and Multi-Generational Effects of Toxicants
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Efectos transgeneracionales de la estimulación in ovo con simbiótico y colina en el tejido gonadal a través de tres

Mariam Ibrahim1,2, Ewa Grochowska3, Marek Bednarczyk4

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland. miriam.ibrahim@pbs.edu.pl.

Scientific reports
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Las intervenciones epigenéticas prenatales con sinbióticos y colina pueden alterar la expresión génica y la metilación del ADN a través de generaciones en pollos. La administración repetida mostró efectos acumulativos en los tejidos reproductivos.

Palabras clave:
La colinaMetilación del ADNExpresión génicaLas gónadasEl transcriptomaEfecto transgeneracionalen la estimulación de ovo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La epigenética
  • Biología del desarrollo
  • La genómica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los mecanismos epigenéticos son cruciales para los procesos hereditarios y los resultados fenotípicos.
  • Los efectos transgeneracionales de las exposiciones prenatales son cada vez más reconocidos.
  • El pollo parecido a la perdiz de patas verdes sirve como modelo para estudiar la epigenética reproductiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los impactos transgeneracionales de las sustancias bioactivas inyectadas in ovo sobre la expresión génica y la metilación del ADN.
  • Evaluar los efectos de los sinbióticos y la colina en las gónadas masculinas a través de múltiples generaciones.
  • Explorar el potencial de las intervenciones epigenéticas prenatales para efectos biológicos a largo plazo.

Principales métodos:

  • Inyección en ovo de Synbiotic PoultryStar® (PS) y colina en embriones de pollo.
  • Establecimiento de grupos de control, sinbióticos y sinbiótico-colina a través de las generaciones F1, F2 y F3.
  • Secuenciación transcriptómica y de bisulfito de representación reducida (RRBS) de tejidos gonadales de machos F2 y F3.

Principales resultados:

  • Synbiotic solo tuvo efectos transgeneracionales mínimos en la expresión génica.
  • La administración simultánea de sinbiótico y colina en embriones F1 (SYNCHs) indujo genes expresados diferencialmente significativos (DEGs) y regiones metiladas diferencialmente (DMRs) en F3.
  • La administración repetida (SYNCHr) dio lugar a un aumento acumulado de DEG y DMR, afectando vías como la organización citoesquelética, el TGF-beta, la señalización Wnt y la adhesión focal.

Conclusiones:

  • Las intervenciones epigenéticas prenatales con sinbióticos y colina pueden inducir cambios duraderos en la expresión génica y la metilación del ADN en los tejidos reproductivos.
  • La extensión de la modificación epigenética depende de la estrategia de administración (una o varias veces).
  • Los cambios coordinados en la expresión génica y la metilación del ADN resaltan el potencial de modificaciones epigenéticas dirigidas a través de generaciones.