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Discapacidad física y riesgo de hipertensión incidente: un análisis prospectivo de cohorte
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi1,2, Najim Z Alshahrani3, Isaac Olushola Ogunkola4
1College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. y.adebisi.1@research.gla.ac.uk.
Journal of human hypertension
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
La discapacidad física aumenta significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión (presión arterial alta). El riesgo aumenta con el número y el tipo de discapacidades, lo que pone de relieve una importante preocupación de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipertensión es un problema de salud mundial importante, que contribuye significativamente a la morbilidad y la mortalidad.
- El vínculo entre la discapacidad física y el desarrollo de la hipertensión requiere una mayor investigación en estudios longitudinales basados en la población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación entre la discapacidad física y la incidencia de la hipertensión.
- Determinar si la discapacidad física es un predictor independiente de la hipertensión de nueva aparición en una cohorte grande basada en la población.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un análisis prospectivo de cohorte utilizando datos del Estudio Longitudinal de Hogares del Reino Unido (N=19,319).
- Los participantes de 16 años o más sin hipertensión basal fueron seguidos durante cuatro años.
- Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson modificada para calcular los riesgos relativos ajustados (RR) para la hipertensión incidente, controlando las covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Durante cuatro años, el 3,2% de los participantes desarrollaron hipertensión.
- Las personas con alguna discapacidad física tenían un riesgo un 65% mayor de desarrollar hipertensión (RR=1,65).
- El riesgo aumentaba con el número de discapacidades, y las personas con dos o más discapacidades presentaban un riesgo un 110% mayor (RR=2,10). Los problemas específicos como la coordinación/equilibrio, la movilidad y la visión mostraron los mayores riesgos asociados.
Conclusiones:
- La discapacidad física es un predictor significativo e independiente de la hipertensión incidente.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de considerar la discapacidad física en las estrategias de prevención de la hipertensión.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones sobre los mecanismos que vinculan la discapacidad física con la hipertensión.
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