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Efectos oncogénicos de la remodelación de la ECM en la obesidad y el cáncer de mama

Mackenzie L Hawes¹, Marcus A Moody¹, Caroline R McCauley²

¹Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

|August 23, 2025

Resumen

La obesidad agrava la progresión del cáncer de mama al alterar la matriz extracelular (ECM), lo que lleva a un aumento de la metástasis y la resistencia al tratamiento. Comprender estos cambios en el ECM es crucial para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

Área de la Ciencia:

En el campo de la oncología
La bioquímica
Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

La remodelación de la matriz extracelular (ECM) es crítica para la invasión y la metástasis de las células de cáncer de mama.
La obesidad está relacionada con un mal pronóstico del cáncer de mama y la resistencia al tratamiento.
Las alteraciones del ECM inducidas por la obesidad imitan los cambios observados en el cáncer de mama, incluida la deposición de colágeno y el aumento de la rigidez.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los cambios en la ECM en el cáncer de mama y la obesidad.
Describir cómo la remodelación de la ECM impulsada por la obesidad afecta la progresión del cáncer, la metástasis y el microambiente tumoral.
Examinar la influencia de la obesidad y la edad en la remodelación de la ECM y la resistencia al tratamiento en el cáncer de mama.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de los estudios sobre la ECM, el cáncer de mama y la obesidad.
Análisis de cómo las alteraciones del ECM afectan el comportamiento de las células cancerosas y la respuesta al tratamiento.
Discusión de modelos preclínicos para el estudio de la ECM en el cáncer de mama.

Principales resultados:

La obesidad promueve cambios en el ECM que facilitan la invasión y la metástasis de las células de cáncer de mama.
La rigidez del ECM inducida por la obesidad y la deposición de colágeno contribuyen al mal pronóstico y a la resistencia al tratamiento.
La edad modifica aún más la remodelación del ECM en el contexto del cáncer de mama y la obesidad.

Conclusiones:

La obesidad tiene un impacto significativo en el microambiente del tumor de cáncer de mama a través de la remodelación de ECM.
Dirigirse a los cambios del ECM impulsados por la obesidad puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para superar la resistencia al tratamiento.
Se necesita más investigación sobre la remodelación de la ECM relacionada con la edad para una comprensión y un tratamiento integrales.

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