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Diferencias rurales-urbanas en las anormalidades de lípidos entre indios de mediana edad y mayores

Priya Chatterjee1,2, Sakshi Arora1, Pooja Rai1

  • 1Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.

BMC public health
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La dislipidemia es común en los indios de edad avanzada, con áreas urbanas que muestran un colesterol total y colesterol LDL más altos. Las zonas rurales tenían más niveles bajos de colesterol HDL y triglicéridos altos, lo que indica la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.

Palabras clave:
DislipidemiaLa IndiaPoblación mayorPrevalencia de la enfermedadDiferencias entre zonas rurales y urbanas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Cardiología
  • Salud pública
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo significativo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV).
  • La prevalencia de la dislipidemia a menudo difiere geográficamente, con tasas más altas en entornos urbanos.
  • Este estudio investiga la dislipidemia en la población envejecida de la India, comparando las anomalías de lípidos rurales y urbanas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar la prevalencia de la dislipidemia en las poblaciones indias envejecidas.
  • Para comparar las diferencias rurales-urbanas en las anormalidades de lípidos.
  • Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la dislipidemia en estas poblaciones.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los datos de referencia de 2.797 participantes rurales y 430 participantes urbanos (de ≥45 años) en el sur de la India.
  • Perfiles lipídicos medidos mediante técnicas de laboratorio estándar; anomalías clasificadas según los criterios NCEP ATP-III.
  • Comparación de las proporciones de anormalidad lipídica mediante pruebas Z y análisis de factores de riesgo mediante regresión logística multivariada.

Principales resultados:

  • Las poblaciones urbanas mostraron una mayor prevalencia de colesterol total alto (37,0% frente a 28,4%) y LDL-c (33,5% frente a 26,8%).
  • Las poblaciones rurales presentaron tasas más altas de HDL-c bajo (72,4% frente a 44,2%), triglicéridos altos (45,7% frente a 38,6%) y índices de riesgo de lípidos elevados.
  • Las mujeres en ambos entornos tenían mayores riesgos de múltiples anormalidades lipídicas; la diabetes, el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la inactividad se asociaron con problemas de lípidos, menos en las áreas urbanas.

Conclusiones:

  • Los indios envejecidos, tanto rurales como urbanos, exhiben una alta prevalencia de anormalidades de lípidos.
  • El elevado riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular requiere intervenciones específicas para mitigar la carga de la enfermedad en estas comunidades.