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Gestión integrada de vectores para el control de la malaria: una revisión de los enfoques y la eficacia
Gbeminiyi R Otolorin1,2,3,4, María E Castellanos1, Oyelola A Adegboye1,3,5
1College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Resumen
El manejo integrado de vectores (MVI) reduce significativamente la transmisión de la malaria al combinar varios métodos de control. Este enfoque resulta más eficaz que las intervenciones individuales, ya que ofrece una solución sostenible para la erradicación mundial de la malaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La malaria sigue siendo una carga importante para la salud mundial, que requiere estrategias efectivas de control.
- El manejo integrado de vectores (MIV) combina múltiples métodos de control para el control de vectores de malaria adaptados al contexto.
- La eficacia del IVM requiere una evaluación continua para optimizar su aplicación en todo el mundo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre el impacto del manejo integrado de vectores (MVI) en el control de la malaria.
- Evaluar la eficacia de las estrategias de GIV en comparación con las intervenciones individuales.
- Identificar herramientas y enfoques emergentes para el control sostenible de la malaria a través de la GVI.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y Google Scholar.
- Síntesis de los hallazgos de 14 estudios (2009-2024) en los que se utilizaron diversos diseños de investigación (observacional, cuasi-experimental y de agrupación).
- Análisis de los resultados, incluida la incidencia de la malaria, la densidad de vectores, la prevalencia de parásitos y las tasas de inoculación entomológica.
Principales resultados:
- Las estrategias integradas de gestión de vectores fueron consistentemente más eficaces que las intervenciones individuales.
- Seis estudios reportaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas en la transmisión de la malaria (p<0,05).
- Se documentaron disminuciones notables en la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los indicadores entomológicos de la malaria, con un éxito sostenido en los programas a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- La gestión integrada de los vectores es una estrategia muy eficaz para reducir la transmisión y la incidencia de la malaria.
- La combinación de herramientas de control de vectores tradicionales e innovadoras mejora la sostenibilidad y el potencial de erradicación de la malaria.
- El IVM ofrece un marco escalable y adaptable para los esfuerzos mundiales de control de la malaria.
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