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El análisis cualitativo de la mediación: un método importante para explorar los mecanismos de mediación en la ciencia
Joanna J Kim1,2, David P MacKinnon3,4
1Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. JoannaKim@asu.edu.
Resumen
Los métodos cualitativos mejoran la investigación de la mediación mediante la identificación de nuevos mediadores y mecanismos de cambio. Este enfoque ofrece ideas únicas complementarias a la mediación cuantitativa, especialmente para los estudios exploratorios en la ciencia de la prevención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la prevención
- Psicología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las variables mediadoras son cruciales para las teorías y la práctica de la intervención.
- Comprender el "cómo" y el "por qué" de los efectos de la intervención (variable independiente X en la variable dependiente Y) es vital.
- El análisis cuantitativo de la mediación se ha centrado tradicionalmente en los métodos estadísticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir cómo se pueden integrar los métodos cualitativos en la investigación de la mediación.
- Destacar las ventajas únicas de la mediación cualitativa en la identificación de posibles mediadores y mecanismos.
- Demostrar la aplicación de la mediación cualitativa utilizando ejemplos de la investigación en prevención.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis cualitativo de la mediación.
- Utilizando entrevistas, grupos focales, observación y análisis de archivos.
- Diseños de estudio exploratorio.
Principales resultados:
- Los métodos cualitativos generan información única y complementaria sobre los mecanismos de mediación.
- Identifica los posibles mediadores y mecanismos de cambio no hipotetizados anteriormente.
- Proporciona información que no se puede obtener únicamente mediante métodos cuantitativos.
Conclusiones:
- El análisis cualitativo de la mediación es adecuado para estudios exploratorios.
- Es eficaz para extraer mecanismos de acción para intervenciones nuevas o adaptadas.
- Las precauciones incluyen la confianza en los informes retrospectivos y el potencial de influencia del entrevistado.
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