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Barreras y factores facilitadores de la aplicación de intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo en apoyo de la seguridad,
Emil Sundstrup1, Johnny Dyreborg2, Anders Dreyer Frost2,3
1National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. esu@nfa.dk.
Journal of occupational rehabilitation
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
La aplicación de intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores jóvenes requiere la comprensión de los facilitadores y barreras clave. Los programas exitosos consideran el ajuste organizacional, el apoyo y la motivación de los empleados, al tiempo que abordan desafíos como la alta carga de trabajo y las horas irregulares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud en el trabajo
- Seguridad en el lugar de trabajo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trabajadores jóvenes (de 15 a 29 años) corren un mayor riesgo de sufrir accidentes laborales, problemas de salud mental y tensión física.
- Las intervenciones efectivas son cruciales para mitigar estos riesgos y promover el bienestar en este grupo demográfico.
- Esta revisión aborda la necesidad de investigación sobre la aplicación de intervenciones para la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores jóvenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y resumir la investigación sobre los obstáculos y facilitadores para la aplicación de intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores jóvenes.
- Sintetizar los hallazgos sobre los factores que influyen en la adopción exitosa de programas de apoyo a la seguridad, el entorno laboral y la salud para los empleados jóvenes.
- Informar el diseño y la aplicación de futuras intervenciones dirigidas a la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores jóvenes.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en PubMed, Web of Science y PsycInfo (2007-2022).
- Se incluyeron estudios cualitativos y de métodos mixtos utilizando la estrategia PICO, centrados en los trabajadores jóvenes (15-29 años).
- Un proceso iterativo identificó categorías temáticas relacionadas con las barreras y los facilitadores de la implementación.
Principales resultados:
- Siete temas principales surgieron de 11 estudios identificados.
- Los facilitadores incluyen ajuste al contexto organizacional, apoyo, equilibrio esfuerzo-ganancia, motivación de los empleados y participación.
- Las barreras identificadas son la gran carga de trabajo, la presión del tiempo, el trabajo por turnos y las horas de trabajo irregulares.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una brecha significativa en los estudios de intervención centrados en los factores de aplicación para los trabajadores jóvenes.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve factores críticos para diseñar e implementar intervenciones eficaces en el lugar de trabajo para este grupo.
- Se necesita más investigación para evaluar los factores cruciales para la implementación exitosa de intervenciones basadas en el lugar de trabajo entre los trabajadores jóvenes.
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