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Explorando el papel de la micro-topografía de superficie en el gobierno de la dinámica del nitrógeno disuelto en la

Qingwei Zhang¹, Hao Wang¹, Fengbao Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

|August 23, 2025

Resumen

La rugosidad de la superficie inducida por la labranza tiene un impacto significativo en la pérdida de nitrógeno disuelto de las tierras de cultivo. Una mayor rugosidad aumenta las cargas de nitrógeno, con el flujo superficial exportando nitrógeno orgánico disuelto (DON) y la lixiviación exportando nitrato-nitrógeno (NO3-N).

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Agrícolas
Ciencias del medio ambiente
Ciencias del suelo

Sus antecedentes:

La gestión de la contaminación de origen no puntual agrícola requiere comprender la migración del nitrógeno disuelto.
La influencia de la micro-topografía de la superficie inducida por la labranza en la exportación de nitrógeno no se comprende bien.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo los diferentes métodos de labranza afectan las vías de exportación del nitrógeno disuelto (nitrato-nitrógeno, amonio-nitrógeno, nitrógeno orgánico disuelto), las cargas y la composición.
Analizar las características moleculares del nitrógeno orgánico disuelto (DON) en relación con los tratamientos de labranza.

Principales métodos:

Se realizaron experimentos simulados de lluvia en cuatro tratamientos de labranza: labranza de contorno (CT), labranza longitudinal (LT), labranza de excavación de pozos (AT) y labranza plana (FT).
Se cuantificaron las formas de nitrógeno disueltas en la escorrentía.
El nitrógeno orgánico disuelto (DON) se caracterizó utilizando la espectrometría de masa de resonancia de iones ciclotrón de la transformación de Fourier (FT-ICR MS).

Principales resultados:

Los tratamientos de mayor rugosidad superficial (AT, CT) dieron como resultado cargas totales de nitrógeno disuelto de 10 a 50 veces mayores en comparación con los tratamientos de menor rugosidad (FT, LT).
El flujo superficial fue la principal vía de exportación para FT y LT, mientras que la lixiviación dominó para AT y CT.
El nitrógeno orgánico disuelto (DON) dominó el flujo superficial (51-77%), mientras que el nitrato-nitrógeno (NO3-N) dominó el lixiviado (76-83%).
El DON en lixiviado mostró una mayor aromaticidad, peso molecular y menor biodegradabilidad que el DON en el flujo superficial.

Conclusiones:

La micro-topografía de la superficie creada por la labranza influye significativamente en las vías y formas de pérdida de nitrógeno disuelto.
Comprender estos distintos comportamientos de exportación es crucial para mejorar la gestión del nitrógeno agrícola y reducir la contaminación.
La caracterización a nivel molecular de DON proporciona una visión más profunda del ciclo orgánico del nitrógeno en el suelo.

Palabras clave:

Nitrógeno disuelto Flujo de lixiviación Flujo superficial Microtopografía de las superficies

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