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Ignorancia bienaventurada: una perspectiva de cognición motivada sobre la evitación de la información
Gabriela Czarnek1, Katarzyna Jaśko1, Arie W Kruglanski2
1Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Current opinion in psychology
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
La ignorancia deliberada, la elección de evitar la información, se explica por dos necesidades fundamentales: la certeza específica y la certeza no específica. La comprensión de estas motivaciones epistémicas ofrece un marco unificado para la formación de creencias y la evitación de información.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Ciencias cognitivas
- Psicología social
Sus antecedentes:
- Los modelos existentes de ignorancia voluntaria se centran en diversos motivos.
- La ignorancia intencional se define como la evasión intencional o el no uso de la información.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un marco unificado para la comprensión de la ignorancia voluntaria.
- Para explicar la evasión de la información a través de la teoría epistémica.
- Para identificar las motivaciones epistémicas centrales que impulsan la ignorancia voluntaria.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando la Teoría Epistémica Lay (Kruglanski, 2004) como un modelo fundacional.
- Analizando la ignorancia voluntaria como una forma de comportamiento epistémico.
- Desarrollo de un marco conceptual basado en motivaciones epistémicas.
Principales resultados:
- La evitación de la información es impulsada por la necesidad de certeza específica (direccional) y certeza no específica (no direccional).
- Estas motivaciones, bajo ciertas condiciones, llevan a los individuos a evitar o suprimir activamente la información.
- El modelo propuesto integra la evitación de la información dentro de procesos más amplios de formación de creencias.
Conclusiones:
- La teoría epistémica laica proporciona un marco unificado para la comprensión de la ignorancia voluntaria.
- El estudio ofrece claridad conceptual al vincular la evitación de la información con las motivaciones epistémicas.
- El marco genera nuevos conocimientos e hipótesis comprobables con respecto al comportamiento de evitación de información.
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