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Características del transporte horizontal de los microplásticos en condiciones hidrodinámicas simuladas
Xiangming Niu1, Longxi Han1, Lina Chen2
1Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Journal of environmental management
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
El transporte de microplásticos en las superficies del suelo está influenciado por la velocidad del flujo de agua, no por la pendiente. El alto flujo aumenta inicialmente la pérdida de microplásticos, pero el flujo sostenido conduce a una pérdida general más baja en comparación con las condiciones de bajo flujo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ciencias del suelo
- Química del coloide y de la superficie
Sus antecedentes:
- Los microplásticos son contaminantes ambientales generalizados.
- El transporte horizontal a través de la escorrentía de superficie es una vía de distribución clave.
- Comprender el comportamiento de los microplásticos en la escorrentía es fundamental para la mitigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el transporte horizontal de microplásticos bajo una simulación de escorrentía superficial.
- Para determinar la influencia de la velocidad de escurrimiento y la pendiente en el movimiento de microplásticos.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos de liberación y retención de microplásticos.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos de simulación de la escorrentía superficial utilizando microplásticos de poliestireno y arena de cuarzo.
- Velocidades de escurrimiento variadas (10-23 cm/s) y gradientes de pendiente (0-5%).
- Aplicación de la teoría extendida Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) y análisis del par.
Principales resultados:
- La pérdida de microplásticos se correlacionó positivamente con la velocidad de flujo después de 30 minutos.
- El gradiente de pendiente no mostró ningún efecto significativo en la pérdida de microplásticos.
- La alta velocidad inicialmente aumentó la erosión microplástica, luego disminuyó; La extensa erosión de arena condujo a una pérdida de microplástico consistentemente alta.
Conclusiones:
- La velocidad de flujo es un impulsor principal del transporte de microplásticos en la escorrentía superficial.
- La liberación de microplásticos está relacionada con la dinámica del agua porosa y la adherencia a las partículas del suelo.
- Los resultados apoyan la predicción de la movilidad de los microplásticos y el desarrollo de estrategias de control de la contaminación.
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