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Defectos de desarrollo del esmalte en gemelos preescolares - Coincidencias, heredabilidad y análisis a varios niveles

Francisca Aline da Silva Matias-Santos¹, Letícia Caminha Aguiar Lopes¹, Maria Eduarda Matos Sousa¹

¹Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, Piaui, Brazil.

Archives of oral biology

|August 23, 2025

Resumen

Los factores genéticos influyen significativamente en los defectos de desarrollo del esmalte (DDE) en los dientes primarios, como lo indica una mayor concordancia en gemelos monocigóticos y una heredabilidad del 74,8%. Las condiciones de salud maternales como la preeclampsia y la fiebre infantil también están asociadas con la DDE.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación en odontología
La genética
Salud pediátrica

Sus antecedentes:

Los defectos del desarrollo del esmalte (DDE) son comunes en la dentición primaria.
La comprensión de la etiología de la DDE, incluidos los factores genéticos y ambientales, es crucial para la prevención y el tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comparar la concordancia DDE entre gemelos monocigóticos y dicigóticos.
Para determinar la heredabilidad de la DDE en la dentición primaria.
Identificar los factores asociados con la aparición de DDE.

Principales métodos:

Estudio transversal de 239 parejas de gemelos en edad preescolar (3-5 años) en Brasil.
Evaluación clínica utilizando el índice DDE modificado y los cuestionarios.
Análisis estadístico que incluye correlaciones tetracóricas, regresión logística y fórmula de heredabilidad de Holzinger.

Principales resultados:

Concordancia DDE más alta en gemelos monozigóticos (DDE total: 0,829) en comparación con los gemelos dizigóticos (DDE total: 0,322).
La heredabilidad estimada de la DDE fue del 74,8%.
La preeclampsia/eclampsia y la fiebre alta en el primer año de vida se asociaron con un aumento de la prevalencia de DDE.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos sugieren un componente genético significativo en la etiología de la DDE en los dientes primarios.
Los factores de salud materna y infantil también juegan un papel en el desarrollo de la EDD.

Palabras clave:

Defectos del desarrollo del esmalte Etiología Análisis a varios niveles Los dientes primarios Los gemelos

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