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Diferencias en los factores parentales entre padres con y sin problemas de depresión o ansiedad: una revisión
Meg Bennett1, Anne McClure1, Helia Khalesi1
1Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Journal of affective disorders
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
Los padres con depresión y ansiedad muestran mayor estrés de crianza y usan menos disciplina efectiva. Estas condiciones de salud mental afectan negativamente la calidez de los padres, la autoeficacia y las relaciones entre padres e hijos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La salud mental
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Estudios de crianza de los hijos
Sus antecedentes:
- La depresión y la ansiedad son comunes, y afectan a muchos padres, lo que puede conducir a dificultades de crianza.
- Los hijos de padres con depresión o ansiedad corren un mayor riesgo de problemas de salud mental.
- Las diferencias específicas en los comportamientos y actitudes de crianza entre los padres con y sin estas condiciones requieren aclaración.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y sintetizar la investigación que compara los factores parentales en padres con y sin depresión y/o ansiedad.
- Para mejorar la comprensión de cómo la depresión y la ansiedad de los padres influyen en los comportamientos y actitudes de los padres.
- Para informar el desarrollo infantil, los programas de crianza y las intervenciones de salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura identificó 52 estudios relevantes.
- Se utilizaron metaanálisis y pruebas z ponderadas para sintetizar los hallazgos.
- Se examinaron catorce factores parentales distintos en los estudios incluidos.
Principales resultados:
- Los padres con depresión o ansiedad reportaron mayor estrés de crianza.
- Se observaron estrategias de disciplina menos efectivas en padres con depresión, ansiedad o ambas.
- Los padres con depresión mostraron comportamientos más aversivos y retraídos, menos calidez y menor calidad de la relación padre-hijo y autoeficacia.
Conclusiones:
- La depresión y la ansiedad de los padres están asociadas con importantes desafíos de crianza, incluido el aumento del estrés y la disciplina menos efectiva.
- Estas condiciones de salud mental pueden afectar negativamente las interacciones entre padres e hijos y la confianza de los padres.
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en la transmisión intergeneracional de la salud mental y en intervenciones mejoradas para los padres afectados.
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