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Los factores asociados de problemas nutricionales y composición corporal en el síndrome de Rett
Yen-Tsz Chen1, Lee-Chin Wong2, Shu-Mei Tsai1
1Dietetics Office, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con síndrome de Rett (RTT) experimentan desafíos nutricionales significativos, con muchos pacientes con bajo peso que muestran baja grasa corporal y masa muscular. Las deficiencias de proteínas, zinc y calcio son comunes, afectan la salud en general y requieren intervenciones nutricionales específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Pediatría
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome de Rett (RTT) es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico raro.
- Las personas con RTT a menudo encuentran dificultades nutricionales sustanciales.
- La composición corporal y el estado nutricional son indicadores críticos de salud en RTT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los factores que influyen en el estado nutricional y la composición corporal de las personas con RTT.
- Identificar deficiencias nutricionales específicas y anomalías de la composición corporal en la población RTT.
- Resaltar la necesidad de evaluaciones nutricionales exhaustivas en la gestión de la RTT.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron evaluaciones dietéticas para evaluar la ingesta de nutrientes.
- Se utilizó el análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) para el análisis de la composición corporal.
- Se analizaron los datos de 40 participantes para correlacionar el estado nutricional con la gravedad de la RTT y los déficits de crecimiento.
Principales resultados:
- Los individuos con bajo peso con graves déficits de crecimiento exhibieron reducción de grasa corporal, grasa visceral y circunferencia del brazo.
- Los porcentajes más bajos de ingesta de proteínas y zinc se correlacionaron con puntuaciones de gravedad RTT más altas.
- Los adolescentes con déficits significativos de crecimiento y bajo peso tenían una ingesta insuficiente de calorías, proteínas y calcio por debajo de las ingestas dietéticas de referencia (IDR).
- Más del 88% de los adultos tenían una ingesta insuficiente de calcio, magnesio, hierro, zinc y fibra.
- La sarcopenia fue prevalente en el 93,3% de las mujeres adultas con RTT, con obesidad sarcopénica en el 26,67%.
Conclusiones:
- Las evaluaciones exhaustivas de la dieta y la composición corporal (IMC, grasa corporal, músculo esquelético, circunferencia del brazo) son vitales para detectar trastornos nutricionales en el TRT.
- La identificación temprana y la intervención son cruciales para mejorar el manejo nutricional y los resultados de salud en las personas con RTT.
- Abordar las deficiencias de micronutrientes y macronutrientes es esencial para mitigar las complicaciones físicas asociadas con la RTT.
Palabras clave:
Composición corporalDisfagiaTrastorno de la nutriciónSíndrome de RettObesidad sarcopénicaMás Videos Relacionados
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