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Desarrollo de un plan de aplicación multifacético para guiar la prevención de caídas en centros residenciales de
Goedele Belaen1,2, Joris Poels1,2,3, Sara Vandervelde1,2
1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, bus 7001, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
BMC geriatrics
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
Las caídas son un problema importante en las instalaciones residenciales de cuidado de ancianos (RACF). Este estudio desarrolló un plan de implementación integral en varias fases para ayudar a los RACF a aplicar eficazmente las estrategias de prevención de caídas y garantizar el éxito a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Salud pública
- Gestión de la asistencia sanitaria
Sus antecedentes:
- Las caídas presentan riesgos significativos en las instalaciones residenciales de cuidado de ancianos (RACF, por sus siglas en inglés).
- La aplicación de las directrices de práctica clínica (CPG) para la prevención de caídas en los RACF presenta desafíos continuos.
- Se necesitan enfoques estructurados para integrar las estrategias de prevención de caídas basadas en la evidencia en las prácticas del RACF.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un plan de aplicación detallado y multifacético para una directriz de prevención de caídas en los RACF.
- Apoyar a los centros residenciales de cuidado de ancianos en la adopción de intervenciones multifactoriales de prevención de caídas.
- Mejorar la sostenibilidad de las políticas de prevención de caídas dentro de los RACF.
Principales métodos:
- El desarrollo utilizó el marco de Intervención Mapping, un proceso de seis etapas.
- Un grupo de partes interesadas de nueve expertos contribuyó activamente a la creación del plan.
- El plan se sometió a pruebas previas en seis RACF y se refinó en función de la retroalimentación contextual.
Principales resultados:
- Se finalizó un plan de implementación integral de tres fases y siete pasos.
- La fase 1 se centra en la preparación, incluido el apoyo organizativo y la evaluación inicial.
- La Fase 2 implica la implementación de las intervenciones, mientras que la Fase 3 hace hincapié en la evaluación y la integración sostenible en la práctica.
Conclusiones:
- Se desarrolló con éxito un sólido plan de aplicación para ayudar a los RACF a prevenir las caídas.
- El plan facilita intervenciones adaptadas y promueve la sostenibilidad de las políticas de prevención de caídas.
- La investigación futura debe explorar la implementación a gran escala y el impacto de los facilitadores externos en los resultados.
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