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El efecto del ejercicio en los síntomas menstruales: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado
1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
BMC women's health
|August 23, 2025
Resumen
El ejercicio regular reduce significativamente los síntomas menstruales y mejora la calidad del sueño en las mujeres. Este enfoque no farmacológico ofrece un método valioso para controlar las condiciones de salud de las mujeres asociadas con la menstruación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de las mujeres
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Investigación clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los síntomas menstruales son un problema de salud común de las mujeres.
- Este estudio investigó el impacto del ejercicio en los síntomas menstruales, el sueño, la fatiga y la actividad física.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicio estructurado para aliviar los síntomas menstruales.
- Evaluar los efectos del ejercicio en la calidad del sueño, la fatiga y los niveles de actividad física en las mujeres.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en el que participaron 54 mujeres (de 18 a 45 años) durante 12 semanas.
- Los participantes fueron asignados a un grupo de ejercicio (refuerzo, flexibilidad, equilibrio, aeróbico) o a un grupo de control.
- Los cuestionarios estandarizados (MSQ, MDQ, FSS, PSQI, IPAQ) evaluaron los resultados antes y después de la intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de ejercicio mostró reducciones significativas en las puntuaciones de síntomas menstruales (MSQ, MDQ), fatiga (FSS) y mejora de la calidad del sueño (PSQI).
- Los niveles de actividad física (IPAQ) aumentaron significativamente en el grupo de ejercicio en comparación con el control.
- Si bien se observaron algunas mejoras en los síntomas en el grupo de control, el ejercicio demostró una eficacia superior para los resultados clave.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio es una intervención no farmacológica eficaz para disminuir los síntomas menstruales.
- La actividad física regular mejora la calidad del sueño en las mujeres con síntomas menstruales.
- El ejercicio puede utilizarse como terapia adyuvante para controlar la salud menstrual de las mujeres.
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