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Disminuir el optimismo de la aplicación: distinguir entre eficacia y efectividad en la investigación de la aplicación

Per Nilsen1,2, Jeanette Wassar Kirk3,4, Katarina Ulfsdotter Gunnarsson5

  • 1Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. per.nilsen@liu.se.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Distinguir la eficacia de la aplicación de la eficacia de la aplicación es crucial para la investigación de la intervención realista. Esto aclara las condiciones del estudio, mejorando los hallazgos

Palabras clave:
EfectividadEfectividadEstrategias

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la aplicación
  • Investigación en servicios de salud
  • Investigación de las intervenciones

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se establece la diferencia entre la eficacia de la intervención (condiciones ideales) y la eficacia (condiciones del mundo real).
  • La eficacia de la intervención se utiliza a menudo como un sustituto de la preparación para la implementación, pero puede sobreestimar los resultados del mundo real.
  • Las complejidades de los entornos de práctica de rutina a menudo se pasan por alto, lo que lleva a expectativas optimistas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir y hacer hincapié en la distinción entre eficacia y efectividad de la aplicación.
  • Destacar la importancia crítica de esta distinción para la investigación de la aplicación.
  • Proponer una herramienta para evaluar las condiciones de aplicación de la estrategia.

Principales métodos:

  • Introduce los conceptos de eficacia de la aplicación (condiciones controladas) y eficacia de la aplicación (condiciones típicas).
  • Sostiene la necesidad crítica de poner en práctica esta distinción en los estudios de aplicación.
  • Propone adaptar el marco PRECIS-2 a una herramienta de "implementación PRECIS" para evaluar las condiciones del estudio.

Principales resultados:

  • La distinción entre eficacia y eficacia rara vez se hace explícita en los estudios de aplicación actuales.
  • Los estudios varían en lo que reflejan la práctica de rutina, lo que complica la interpretación.
  • Las evaluaciones económicas son poco comunes, lo que dificulta la evaluación de la viabilidad de la estrategia.

Conclusiones:

  • Aclarar la eficacia frente a la efectividad mejora el diseño, la interpretación y la comunicación de la investigación.
  • Esta distinción apoya las decisiones informadas sobre la replicación y la ampliación de la intervención.
  • Hacer esta distinción explícita es vital para una ciencia de la aplicación más pragmática y transparente.