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Estrategias eficaces para el control y la prevención de enfermedades: una revisión sistemática
Salman Daneshi1, Mehran Nikvarz2, Rasoul Raesi3,4
1Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
Infectious disorders drug targets
|August 24, 2025
Resumen
El control eficaz de las enfermedades requiere estrategias integradas de salud pública. Combinar la vigilancia, la vacunación, el saneamiento y abordar los determinantes sociales de la salud (SDOH) mejora los resultados de la salud mundial y reduce las disparidades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Salud global
Sus antecedentes:
- La salud pública mundial se enfrenta a desafíos como las enfermedades crónicas, las amenazas infecciosas y las disparidades socioeconómicas.
- El control y la prevención eficaces de las enfermedades son fundamentales para el bienestar de la población.
- Esta revisión sintetiza estrategias para mejorar el manejo de enfermedades en todo el mundo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y sintetizar estrategias clave para el control y la prevención eficaces de las enfermedades.
- Explorar intervenciones que mejoren los resultados de la gestión de enfermedades a nivel mundial.
- Informar las políticas y prácticas de salud pública.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura desde 2001-2024 utilizando palabras clave: manejo de enfermedades, prevención de enfermedades, estrategias de salud pública, vigilancia, vacunación, control de vectores y determinantes sociales de la salud (SDOH).
- La búsqueda se realizó en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar.
- Selección de estudios basados en la declaración PRISMA y el marco PICO, que incluye 22 artículos.
Principales resultados:
- Los sistemas de vigilancia mejorados mejoran la detección de brotes y las respuestas de salud pública.
- Las estrategias de vacunación, incluidas las unidades móviles y las campañas de sensibilización, aumentan la cobertura, especialmente en las zonas desatendidas.
- La gestión integrada de vectores y los programas WASH reducen la transmisión de enfermedades; abordar la SDOH reduce las desigualdades; el enfoque One Health ayuda al control de enfermedades zoonóticas.
Conclusiones:
- Es esencial una estrategia multifacética e integrada que combine herramientas epidemiológicas, participación de la comunidad y reforma de las políticas.
- Los factores socioeconómicos y ambientales tienen un impacto significativo en los resultados sanitarios y en el éxito de las intervenciones.
- Dar prioridad a la vigilancia, la vacunación, el saneamiento, las políticas centradas en la equidad y la colaboración intersectorial mejora la resiliencia de la salud mundial.
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