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Los niños exigen una parte igual de objetos sin valor

Colin Jacobs1, Sebastian Grueneisen2, Harriet Over3

  • 1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.

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Resumen

Los niños pequeños rechazan el trato injusto incluso cuando los artículos desiguales son indeseables. Este costoso rechazo de la inequidad sugiere que las preocupaciones interpersonales, no solo el beneficio material, impulsan el desarrollo de la equidad en los niños.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología del desarrollo
  • Economía del comportamiento
  • Neurociencia social

Sus antecedentes:

  • El desarrollo equitativo implica aversión a la inequidad desventajosa, donde los individuos sacrifican recompensas para evitar resultados desiguales.
  • La hipótesis de respeto igualitario postula que las decisiones de equidad de los niños están influenciadas por preocupaciones interpersonales, no solo por consideraciones materiales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si los niños pequeños rechazan la inequidad desventajosa cuando los elementos desiguales son indeseables.
  • Para determinar si los factores interpersonales, como el razonamiento del distribuidor, influyen en el rechazo de los niños a la inequidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Se llevaron a cabo tres experimentos pre-registrados con 184 niños de 4 a 7 años.
  • Se analizaron las respuestas de los niños a ofertas desiguales de objetos no deseados.
  • Se examinó el impacto de proporcionar una razón para la distribución desigual en el comportamiento de rechazo de los niños.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niños de tan solo 4 años demostraron aversión a las distribuciones desiguales de objetos indeseables.
  • Los niños estaban dispuestos a sacrificar recompensas de alto valor para rechazar la injusticia que implicaba objetos indeseables.
  • La probabilidad de rechazar ofertas desiguales de objetos indeseables disminuyó cuando se proporcionó una razón para la disparidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Las preocupaciones interpersonales motivan significativamente el costoso rechazo de la inequidad, incluso cuando las consecuencias materiales son insignificantes.
  • Los juicios de equidad de los niños están influenciados por factores sociales y relacionales más allá del simple beneficio material.
  • Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis del respeto igualitario destacando el papel de las motivaciones sociales en el desarrollo temprano de la equidad.