Esta página ha sido traducida por una máquina. Otras páginas pueden seguir apareciendo en inglés. View in English

Síntesis de alectinib a través de la α- arilación formal de la enona

  • 0Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.

|

|

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se ha desarrollado una nueva vía sintética para Alectinib, un tratamiento crucial para el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas ALK positivo. Este método eficiente utiliza materiales fácilmente disponibles y reacciones de acoplamiento clave, produciendo una sustancia farmacéutica de alta pureza.

Área De La Ciencia

  • Química medicinal
  • Síntesis orgánica
  • Ciencias farmacéuticas

Sus Antecedentes

  • Alectinib es una terapia dirigida para el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas positivo para linfoma anaplásico quinasa (ALK).
  • Las rutas sintéticas existentes pueden enfrentar desafíos en términos de eficiencia, costo o pureza.
  • El desarrollo de metodologías sintéticas mejoradas es crucial para la accesibilidad y la fabricación de medicamentos.

Objetivo Del Estudio

  • Para reportar una nueva y eficiente vía sintética para Alectinib.
  • Establecer un proceso de fabricación escalable y rentable.
  • Para garantizar una alta pureza del ingrediente farmacéutico activo final.

Principales Métodos

  • Para la síntesis se utilizan materias primas fácilmente disponibles, como el ácido 4-[4-metoxifenil]butírico o el 2-etil anisole.
  • Las transformaciones químicas clave incluyen el acoplamiento cruzado Suzuki-Miyaura y la ciclización reductiva.
  • Optimización de las condiciones de reacción para maximizar el rendimiento y minimizar los subproductos.

Principales Resultados

  • La vía desarrollada proporciona a Alectinib un buen rendimiento general.
  • El proceso evita la formación de mezclas regioisoméricas, garantizando una alta pureza del producto.
  • La estrategia sintética puede ampliarse para posibles aplicaciones industriales.

Conclusiones

  • Se ha desarrollado con éxito una nueva vía sintética, eficiente y de alto rendimiento para Alectinib.
  • Los aspectos más destacados de la ruta incluyen el uso de materiales de partida accesibles y reacciones de acoplamiento clave, que conducen a una sustancia farmacéutica pura.
  • Esta metodología ofrece una alternativa prometedora para la fabricación de alectinib para el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas ALK positivo.

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions 01:10

3.3K

Ketones with α protons are deprotonated by strong bases like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to form enolate ions. The anion is stabilized by resonance, and its hybrid structure exhibits negative charges on the carbonyl oxygen and the α carbon. This ambident nucleophile can attack an electrophile via two possible sites: the carbonyl oxygen, known as O-attack, or the α carbon, known as C-attack. The nucleophilic attack via the carbanionic site is preferred. This is due to the...

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Enamine Formation Mechanism 01:14

5.9K

Enamine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a secondary amine through a series of reactions. The mechanism begins with the generation of carbinolamine, a nucleophilic attack followed by several proton transfer reactions. The hydroxyl group of the carbinolamine is converted into water to make a better leaving group that can push the reaction forward by eliminating a water molecule. In enamine formation, the last step involves the abstraction of a proton from the α carbon to...

Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction 01:26

3.5K

α-Substituted ketones or aldehydes can be synthesized from enamines by the Stork enamine reaction, named after its pioneer Gilbert Stork. Enamines are useful synthetic intermediates where the lone pair on nitrogen is in conjugation with the C=C bond. They resemble enolate ions, as the resonance forms of both species have a nucleophilic α carbon.

However, enamines are neutral and less reactive than enolates, which bear a net negative charge. Consequently, enamines are effective Michael donors...

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis 01:07

3.6K

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...

Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation 01:14

5.7K

This lesson delves into the aldol condensation catalyzed by bases, where aldols undergo dehydration to enals. As shown in Figure 1, the β-hydroxy aldehyde formed in a base-catalyzed aldol addition reaction dehydrates on heating to yield an unsaturated carbonyl product, which is commonly referred to as an enal.

Figure 1. The dehydration of a β-hydroxy aldehyde to an enal.
This process follows a two-step mechanism, as depicted in Figure 2. Here, the base first deprotonates the mildly acidic...

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction 02:27

10.7K

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.

The reaction takes place in two steps:
1. The first step is the deprotonation of the terminal alkyne by the strong base forming an acetylide ion.

2. The second step is a nucleophilic...