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¿Juega el apego entre padres e hijos un papel en la relación entre el maltrato infantil y la depresión? Pruebas de un
Ruyue Zhai1, Shaoqing Yang2, Libin Zhang3
1School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China.
Child abuse & neglect
|August 24, 2025
Resumen
El maltrato infantil aumenta la depresión infantil, con el apego padre-hijo y madre-hijo mediando parcialmente este vínculo. Estos mecanismos de apego son principalmente significativos a nivel entre individuos, no dentro del individuo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología infantil
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Psicología clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre el impacto del maltrato infantil en la depresión infantil.
- Pocos estudios exploran el apego padre-hijo y madre-hijo como mecanismos de mediación.
- La mayoría de las investigaciones anteriores utilizan diseños transversales, con estudios longitudinales que a menudo combinan análisis entre y dentro de los individuos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar longitudinalmente la influencia del maltrato infantil en la depresión infantil.
- Investigar las funciones mediadoras del apego padre-hijo y madre-hijo.
- Diferenciar entre y dentro de los efectos individuales utilizando modelos estadísticos avanzados.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio longitudinal de 1030 niños (edad media de 8,86 años) en el norte de China.
- Datos recopilados en tres puntos de tiempo durante 1,5 años, evaluando el maltrato, el apego y la depresión.
- Se emplearon modelos de panel de retraso cruzado (CLPM), CLPM de intercepción aleatoria (RI-CLPM) y modelos de panel de retraso cruzado de intercepción aleatoria (PP-LGCM).
Principales resultados:
- El maltrato infantil predijo significativamente la depresión infantil en los análisis de CLPM.
- El apego padre-hijo y madre-hijo medió parcialmente el vínculo maltrato-depresión en CLPM.
- Los análisis RI-CLPM y PP-LGCM indicaron efectos significativos del maltrato en la depresión, pero no una mediación significativa por el apego.
Conclusiones:
- La gravedad del maltrato infantil se correlaciona con un aumento de los síntomas depresivos y un menor apego entre padres e hijos.
- El papel mediador del apego en la relación maltrato-depresión está impulsado predominantemente por diferencias entre individuos.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve la importancia de considerar las diferencias individuales en el apego al abordar los efectos a largo plazo del maltrato infantil.
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