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¿Mejor sin ti? - La evitación del apego está relacionada con patrones estructurales y funcionales dissociativos del

Philine König¹, Esther Zwiky², Konrad Schöniger²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Germany.

Journal of affective disorders

|August 24, 2025

Resumen

La evitación del apego muestra patrones cerebrales diferentes en pacientes con trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) en comparación con los controles sanos (HC). Estas diferencias en la estructura cerebral y la reactividad emocional pueden informar la psicoterapia para el TDM.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
La psiquiatría
Psicología

Sus antecedentes:

La evitación del apego es un factor de riesgo conocido para el trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD).
La evitación del apego es común tanto en individuos sanos como en aquellos con TDM.
Comprender la base neuronal de la evitación del apego en el TDM es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las diferencias en los correlatos cerebrales estructurales y funcionales de la evitación del apego entre los pacientes con TDM y los controles sanos (HC).
Identificar regiones y redes cerebrales específicas asociadas con la evitación del apego en el contexto del TDM.

Principales métodos:

Setenta y seis pacientes con TDM y 76 HC fueron evaluados para evitar el apego utilizando el Cuestionario de Escalas de Relación.
Los participantes se sometieron a resonancias magnéticas estructurales y funcionales durante una tarea de procesamiento de emociones.
Los análisis de covarianza de todo el cerebro (ANCOVA) examinaron los efectos de interacción de evitación de apego del grupo x.

Principales resultados:

Se encontraron efectos de interacción significativos para el volumen de materia gris en la amígdala derecha y el complejo hipocampo-parahipocampo.
También se observaron efectos de interacción significativos en la reactividad a las caras negativas en el giro frontal, caudado e ínsula.
Estos hallazgos indican patrones neuronales distintos relacionados con la evitación del apego en pacientes con TDM frente a HC.

Conclusiones:

La evitación del apego se asocia con patrones cerebrales estructurales y funcionales únicos en pacientes con TDM en comparación con HC.
Estas diferencias neuronales pueden reflejar diferentes sensibilidades a las señales socioemocionales y posibles déficits de habilidades en el TDM.
Los hallazgos sugieren que la psicoterapia podría dirigirse a estos correlatos neuronales específicos en pacientes con TDM.

Palabras clave:

Evitar el apego La depresión MDD (en inglés)La resonancia magnética Imágenes neurológicas Conocimiento social

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