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Los pediatras deben examinar a los niños para detectar problemas mentales, emocionales y de comportamiento (MEB, por sus siglas en inglés) desde la infancia. La detección y la intervención tempranas son cruciales para abordar las tasas crecientes de trastornos de MEB en los jóvenes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Pediatría
  • Psicología infantil
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los problemas mentales, emocionales y de comportamiento (MEB) de la infancia están aumentando, afectando al 13-20% de los niños con trastornos y al 19% con angustia significativa.
  • Las directrices anteriores de 2015 requieren actualizaciones para abordar las necesidades actuales de MEB en los niños.
  • La Academia Americana de Pediatría (AAP) hace hincapié en las competencias de salud mental en la práctica pediátrica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar orientación actualizada para el cribado, la identificación y el manejo de los problemas de MEB en la atención primaria pediátrica.
  • Incorporar datos recientes sobre la prevalencia y la detección de los problemas de MEB.
  • Abordar los obstáculos al cribado y proponer cambios a nivel de sistema.

Principales métodos:

  • Incorpora y amplía las declaraciones de política de AAP de 2019 y 2015.
  • Esboza un esquema de detección que comienza dentro del primer mes para la depresión posparto y a los 6 meses para los problemas de MEB centrados en el niño.
  • Recomienda el cribado anual de MEB después de los 3 años, alternando con el desarrollo y el autismo.

Principales resultados:

  • La detección de la depresión posparto materna comienza a los 1 meses.
  • El cribado de MEB infantil comienza a los 6 meses y continúa a los 12, 24 y 36 meses, luego anualmente después de los 3 años.
  • El informe examina la prevalencia actualizada, la detección, las estrategias de gestión y las barreras.

Conclusiones:

  • El cribado de rutina para problemas de MEB es esencial en la atención primaria pediátrica.
  • La identificación temprana y la intervención pueden mitigar el impacto de los trastornos MEB en los niños.
  • La eliminación de los obstáculos y la aplicación de cambios en el sistema facilitarán un control eficaz.