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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Modificaciones post-traduccionales ortogonales por efectores bacterianos

Jiaqi Fu1, Zhao-Qing Luo1, Jiazhang Qiu2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center of Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Trends in microbiology
|August 24, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las bacterias patógenas usan nuevas modificaciones de proteínas, distintas de las humanas, para interrumpir la señalización de las células huésped y crear entornos de replicación. Estas modificaciones post-traduccionales ortogonales (oPTM) ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre los mecanismos de infección bacteriana.

Palabras clave:
Riboxanación por ADPProteínas efectoras bacterianasUbiquitinación de serina ligada al fosforibosiloTreonina ADP-ribosilación y sus derivados

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • Biología molecular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las modificaciones postraslacionales de proteínas (PTM) regulan las vías de señalización de la célula huésped.
  • Los patógenos a menudo manipulan la señalización del huésped para una infección exitosa.
  • Tradicionalmente, se pensaba que los patógenos usaban mecanismos bioquímicos similares a los del huésped.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los mecanismos catalíticos y las funciones biológicas de las modificaciones posttranslacionales ortogonales bacterianas (oPTM).
  • Resaltar las diferencias entre los PTM operativos y los PTM de acogida.
  • Explicar cómo los oPTM facilitan la replicación de los patógenos.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura de estudios recientes sobre las OPM bacterianas.
  • Análisis de los mecanismos catalíticos de las oPTM.
  • Examen de las funciones biológicas de las oPTM en la infección.

Principales resultados:

  • Algunas bacterias patógenas utilizan oPTM, que son distintas de las PTM huésped.
  • Las bacterias utilizan las oPTM para crear nichos de replicación.
  • Los factores de virulencia bacteriana inducen oPTMs específicos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los oPTM representan una nueva estrategia para que los patógenos interfieran con la señalización del huésped.
  • La comprensión de las oPTM proporciona nuevas perspectivas sobre las interacciones huésped-patógeno.
  • Las oPTM son cruciales para la supervivencia y la replicación bacteriana dentro de los huéspedes.