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Intervenciones para mejorar las estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática y un
Mingyue Zhu1, Xiaotong Ding1,2,3, Jingjing Gu1
1School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Worldviews on evidence-based nursing
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Las intervenciones mejoran efectivamente las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema en los adultos mayores. Se necesitan más investigaciones para confirmar los efectos en los estilos de afrontamiento centrados en las emociones y otros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Psicología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento está asociado con cambios fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales, aumentando la vulnerabilidad a los factores estresantes.
- Los adultos mayores se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de resultados adversos para la salud debido al estrés.
- La eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a estrategias de afrontamiento en este grupo demográfico sigue siendo insuficientemente explorada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y sintetizar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre las intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar las estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mayores.
- Analizar la eficacia de estas intervenciones en varios mecanismos de afrontamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática exhaustiva en las principales bases de datos científicas.
- Los estudios incluidos fueron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y diseños cuasi-experimentales.
- El análisis de la literatura, la evaluación de la calidad y la extracción de datos fueron realizados por dos investigadores independientes.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron nueve estudios (7 ECA, 2 cuasi- experimentales) en el metanálisis.
- Las intervenciones mejoraron significativamente las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema (SMD = 0,37, p = 0,005).
- No se encontraron efectos significativos para las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en las emociones, positivas o negativas.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones pueden mejorar efectivamente el afrontamiento centrado en el problema en los adultos mayores.
- Las intervenciones futuras deben centrarse en el reconocimiento de factores estresantes y la regulación emocional.
- Se recomiendan ensayos controlados aleatorios a mayor escala para obtener conclusiones más definitivas.
Palabras clave:
estrategias de afrontamientolas intervencionesMetanálisisadultos mayoresanálisis sistemáticoMás Videos Relacionados
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