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Los padres con discapacidad física y sus experiencias de crianza: una revisión del alcance de los estudios
1Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
Disability and rehabilitation
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Los padres con discapacidad física se enfrentan a importantes desafíos, pero demuestran una adaptación y resiliencia notables. Comprender sus experiencias es crucial para desarrollar programas de apoyo efectivos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Estudios sobre la discapacidad
- Investigación sobre el cuidado de los hijos
- Metodología de la investigación cualitativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Los padres con discapacidades físicas se enfrentan a la marginación social debido al "capacitismo" y al estigma.
- Comprender sus experiencias de crianza es vital para crear programas de apoyo específicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una revisión del alcance de los estudios cualitativos sobre las experiencias de crianza de padres con discapacidad física.
- Para sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre los desafíos y las adaptaciones que enfrentan estos padres.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline, Cinahl, PsychInfo y Scopus.
- Los estudios incluidos fueron estudios cualitativos revisados por pares publicados entre 1990 y 2024.
- Se utilizó un formulario de extracción de datos estandarizado para garantizar la coherencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se revisaron veintitrés estudios en los que participaron padres con diversas discapacidades físicas.
- Los temas clave incluyeron la navegación por barreras, la dinámica familiar (de apoyo y desafío), las interacciones con las personas de apoyo y la adaptación/resiliencia.
- Los padres mostraron una adaptación y resiliencia significativas a pesar de los desafíos generalizados.
Conclusiones:
- Los padres con discapacidad física demuestran resiliencia al superar numerosos obstáculos.
- Los programas de rehabilitación deben incorporar las fortalezas y ventajas de los padres discapacitados.
- Una mayor investigación puede servir de base para el desarrollo de servicios de apoyo a la crianza de los hijos más inclusivos y eficaces.
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