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El funcionamiento cognitivo como predictor del aumento de peso en la anorexia nerviosa
Christina M T Schilder1, Lot C Sternheim2, David J Hessen3
1Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, the Netherlands.
The International journal of eating disorders
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
El funcionamiento cognitivo en la anorexia nerviosa (AN) predice el aumento de peso. Una coherencia central más fuerte ayuda a la recuperación de peso, mientras que los niveles de control inhibidores variados indican resultados menos óptimos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La psiquiatría
- Psicología clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- La anorexia nerviosa (AN) es un trastorno alimenticio complejo con importantes consecuencias físicas y psicológicas.
- Los déficits cognitivos se observan con frecuencia en individuos con AN, que afectan a varios dominios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación predictiva entre el funcionamiento cognitivo basal y el posterior aumento de peso en individuos con AN.
- Identificar los dominios cognitivos específicos que pueden influir en los resultados del tratamiento en AN.
Principales métodos:
- Una cohorte de 226 participantes femeninas (mayores de 16 años) con AN o AN atípica se sometió a evaluaciones neuropsicológicas exhaustivas al inicio del tratamiento.
- El índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue monitoreado trimestralmente durante un año.
- El modelado de la curva de crecimiento latente analizó las asociaciones entre la función cognitiva y las trayectorias de aumento de peso.
Principales resultados:
- Coherencia central mejorada, medida por la figura compleja de Rey de recuerdo inmediato, correlacionada con una trayectoria de aumento de peso lineal más positiva.
- Tanto el control inhibidor deficiente como el excesivo, evaluado a través de la prueba de interferencia de palabras de color D-KEFS, se relacionaron con un menor desarrollo de peso.
Conclusiones:
- Una mayor coherencia central puede facilitar el restablecimiento del peso en el AN.
- La relación no lineal entre el control inhibidor y la trayectoria del peso pone de relieve el papel potencial de la autorregulación en la recuperación de AN.
- Se justifica una investigación adicional con un seguimiento más prolongado para refinar la comprensión e informar estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas.
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