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Efectos de la suplementación de proteínas en la composición corporal, las adaptaciones fisiológicas y el rendimiento

Yang Xiao¹, ZhengWu Deng², Wei Sun³

¹School of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.

Frontiers in nutrition

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

La suplementación de proteínas durante el entrenamiento de resistencia ofrece ganancias modestas en la masa corporal magra y mejora significativamente el tiempo hasta el agotamiento. Sin embargo, no tiene un impacto sustancial en el peso corporal, la masa grasa o la capacidad aeróbica / anaeróbica general.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología del ejercicio
Nutrición deportiva
El rendimiento humano

Sus antecedentes:

El entrenamiento de resistencia es crucial para mejorar la salud cardiovascular y el rendimiento deportivo.
La suplementación de proteínas es a menudo utilizada por los atletas para apoyar la adaptación y recuperación muscular.
Los efectos combinados del entrenamiento de resistencia y la suplementación de proteínas requieren más investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar sistemáticamente los efectos a largo plazo de combinar el entrenamiento de resistencia con la suplementación de proteínas.
Evaluar los impactos en la composición corporal, las adaptaciones fisiológicas y el rendimiento deportivo.
Para sintetizar las pruebas de ensayos controlados aleatorios.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en las principales bases de datos científicas (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus).
Las palabras clave incluían "entrenamiento de resistencia" y "suplementación de proteínas".
El metanálisis utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para determinar el tamaño del efecto (SMD) y explorar los moderadores.

Principales resultados:

Se analizaron 23 ensayos cruzados aleatorizados con 1.146 participantes.
La suplementación con proteínas mostró un aumento pequeño y no significativo de la masa corporal magra (SMD = 0,13).
Se observó una mejora significativa en el tiempo hasta el agotamiento (TTE) (SMD = 0,45), con beneficios potenciales para el VO2máx en individuos no entrenados.

Conclusiones:

La suplementación de proteínas durante el entrenamiento de resistencia puede mejorar modestamente el rendimiento de resistencia (TTE) y la masa corporal magra, especialmente en individuos no entrenados.
El peso corporal total, la masa grasa y la capacidad aeróbica/anaeróbica no se vieron afectados significativamente en la población general.
Las investigaciones adicionales pueden explorar poblaciones específicas y estrategias óptimas de ingesta de proteínas.

Palabras clave:

capacidad aeróbica rendimiento deportivo composición corporal entrenamiento de resistencia Metanálisis Suplementos alimenticios Suplementos de proteínas

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