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Un informe de caso sobre la lesión axonal difusa de aparición retrasada

Sonu Adhikari1, Rupesh Raut1, Dinuj Shrestha1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Patan Academy of Health Science, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este informe de caso destaca un caso raro de lesión axonal difusa tardía (DAI) en un varón joven después de un trauma en la cabeza. El paciente experimentó un coma tardío, enfatizando la necesidad de sospecha clínica en el diagnóstico de DAI.

Palabras clave:
Informe de casoretraso en el iniciolesión axonal difusa

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Investigación de las lesiones cerebrales traumáticas
  • Informes de casos médicos

Sus antecedentes:

  • La lesión axonal difusa (DAI) es una consecuencia grave de la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI), que generalmente causa pérdida de conciencia inmediata y prolongada.
  • La clasificación DAI se basa en la duración del coma, la gravedad de la lesión y la evidencia radiológica o histológica de lesiones cerebrales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Informar de un caso único de lesión axonal difusa de aparición tardía (DAI) tras una caída de un columpio.
  • Para ilustrar la importancia de considerar las presentaciones inusuales de DAI en la práctica clínica.

Principales métodos:

  • Se presenta un estudio de caso de un hombre de 20 años con trauma en la cabeza.
  • Se documentaron la presentación clínica, las fluctuaciones de la escala de coma de Glasgow (GCS, por sus siglas en inglés) y los hallazgos de la resonancia magnética que sugieren una DAI de grado tres.
  • El tratamiento del paciente implicó un tratamiento conservador después de la intubación retrasada.

Principales resultados:

  • El paciente presentó puntuaciones fluctuantes de GCS y hallazgos de MRI consistentes con DAI de grado tres.
  • Inusualmente, el paciente entró en coma 50 horas después de su ingreso, lo que indica un retraso en la aparición de síntomas neurológicos graves.
  • El tratamiento conservador se inició después de la intubación.

Conclusiones:

  • La presentación tardía de DAI, aunque poco común, puede ocurrir y puede conducir a una discapacidad significativa, coma postraumático o un estado vegetativo persistente.
  • Un alto índice de sospecha clínica es crucial para diagnosticar DAI, especialmente cuando la presentación del paciente es más grave de lo que sugieren las tomografías computarizadas iniciales.
  • El reconocimiento de las presentaciones atípicas de DAI facilita el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado del paciente.