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Factores perinatales que influyen en el establecimiento más temprano del microbioma infantil
Kevin Linehan1,2,3, Kiera Healy1,2, Eimear Hurley4
1Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
Microbiome research reports
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
El microbioma infantil se establece temprano, con bacterias orales maternas transferidas a los recién nacidos. El parto vaginal y la lactancia promueven la diversidad microbiana intestinal del bebé, crucial para la salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Estudios sobre el microbioma humano
- Salud infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprensión limitada del desarrollo temprano del microbioma infantil.
- Necesidad de identificar las fuentes microbianas maternas y el momento de la colonización temprana.
- Investigar los factores perinatales que influyen en la microbiota infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar el tiempo de colonización microbiana temprana en los bebés.
- Evaluar la contribución microbiana materna a la microbiota del lactante.
- Examinar los efectos del modo de parto, la edad gestacional y la alimentación en la microbiota.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del amplicón de ARNr 16S de muestras maternas (saliva, vaginal, placentaria) y infantiles (saliva, meconio).
- Análisis de 18 díadas madre-hijo sanas.
- Evaluación de la composición funcional y taxonómica inferida.
Principales resultados:
- El microbioma de meconio confirmado; el microbioma placentario refutado.
- Compartir significativamente la microbiota oral de la madre con la del bebé (por ejemplo, Streptococcus, Veillonella).
- El parto vaginal y la lactancia materna exclusiva están relacionados con una mayor riqueza y diversidad microbiana infantil.
Conclusiones:
- Establecimiento temprano de microbiota infantil influenciado por fuentes maternas y factores perinatales.
- El parto vaginal y la lactancia materna tienen un impacto positivo en la diversidad microbiana infantil.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen orientación para optimizar la microbiota infantil para la salud.
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