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Updated: Sep 10, 2025
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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Clustering longitudinal de la psicopatología a través de la infancia y la adolescencia: un enfoque hacia la
Connor Lawhead1, Jamilah Silver1, Thomas M Olino2
1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Resumen
Este estudio identificó seis vías de desarrollo para la psicopatología en la juventud, revelando patrones distintos de condiciones de salud mental desde la infancia hasta la adolescencia. Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre la continuidad y la comorbilidad de los trastornos a lo largo del tiempo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Investigación en psicopatología
- Psicología cuantitativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de diagnóstico actuales para la psicopatología a menudo pasan por alto las trayectorias de desarrollo, la continuidad y la comorbilidad.
- Comprender estos patrones longitudinales es crucial para las intervenciones efectivas de salud mental en los jóvenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Aplicar un enfoque de agrupación longitudinal para identificar trayectorias de desarrollo distintas de psicopatología en una muestra comunitaria de jóvenes.
- Examinar los factores predictivos y los resultados asociados con estas vías de desarrollo identificadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron entrevistas de diagnóstico semiestructuradas longitudinales con 600 jóvenes cada 3 años desde la primera infancia hasta la adolescencia tardía.
- Para analizar las trayectorias diagnósticas de las articulaciones se utilizó el agrupamiento longitudinal k-media.
- Se compararon los factores predictivos a los 3 años y los resultados funcionales a los 18 años en los grupos identificados.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron seis grupos distintos de psicopatología: saludable, ansiedad infantil, TDAH infantil/adolescente, depresión/ansiedad adolescente, depresión/uso de sustancias adolescente y comportamiento perturbador en la primera infancia.
- Estos grupos longitudinales capturaron patrones de desarrollo de la psicopatología no evidentes en las clasificaciones transversales.
- Se observaron diferencias significativas en los predictores tempranos y los resultados funcionales posteriores en los grupos.
Conclusiones:
- Un enfoque de agrupación longitudinal proporciona un marco valioso para comprender el desarrollo de la psicopatología y la comorbilidad.
- Este método identifica subgrupos transdiagnosticos con correlaciones clínicas, familiares y temperamentales distintas.
- Los resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de considerar la continuidad y la discontinuidad del desarrollo en la nosología de la salud mental.
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