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Tendencias dietéticas en la enfermedad de Crohn: una comparación con controles saludables
Brian Devorkin1, Fabio Cominelli2,3,4,5,6, Abigail Raffner Basson3,4,7
1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Current research in complementary & alternative medicine
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn presentan una peor calidad dietética, consumiendo más nutrientes proinflamatorios como la fructosa y alimentos menos densos en nutrientes como los lácteos y las verduras en comparación con las personas sanas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Manejo de enfermedades crónicas
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una condición inflamatoria crónica que afecta la calidad de vida.
- La dieta influye significativamente en la inflamación y la actividad de la enfermedad en la CD.
- Las dietas actuales de muchos pacientes con CD pueden contener ingredientes proinflamatorios, lo que contradice los consejos clínicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar los patrones dietéticos entre pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn y controles sanos.
- Identificar componentes dietéticos específicos y objetivos nutricionales para la intervención en la EC.
- Investigar la relación entre la dieta y la actividad de la enfermedad en la EC.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio prospectivo basado en cuestionarios en el que participaron 52 participantes adultos (29 CD, 23 HC).
- Los participantes fueron reclutados del Instituto de Enfermedades Digestivas del Centro Médico de los Hospitales Universitarios de Cleveland.
- Se evaluó la ingesta dietética para comparar el consumo de nutrientes y el cumplimiento de las pautas dietéticas.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con CD mostraron una mayor ingesta de fructosa, proteína total, ácido araquídico y papa blanca.
- Los pacientes con CD tenían una ingesta significativamente menor de lácteos, verduras y frijoles en comparación con HC.
- Una tendencia hacia puntuaciones más bajas en el IES-2015 indicó una peor calidad de la dieta en los participantes con CD.
Conclusiones:
- Los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn pueden tener patrones dietéticos subóptimos caracterizados por una mayor ingesta de nutrientes proinflamatorios.
- Se recomiendan estrategias centradas en la reducción de nutrientes proinflamatorios y el aumento de alimentos ricos en nutrientes para el manejo de la CD.
- Se necesita más investigación para validar estos hallazgos y explorar las implicaciones clínicas para las intervenciones nutricionales en la EC.
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