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El papel de la metformina en la preeclampsia: una revisión sistemática
Manoharan Anuja1, Manoharan Arthy1, Nivedita Jha1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
La metformina reduce significativamente la incidencia de la preeclampsia y la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en mujeres embarazadas. Se necesitan ensayos aleatorizados adicionales para confirmar sus beneficios para prevenir y tratar trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y ginecología
- Farmacología
- Medicina materna y fetal
Sus antecedentes:
- La preeclampsia es una de las principales causas de mortalidad materna y neonatal.
- La metformina tiene potencial para prevenir la preeclampsia mejorando la función cardiovascular y reduciendo el aumento de peso gestacional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente el papel y los resultados de la metformina en la preeclampsia.
- Evaluar los resultados maternos y perinatales con la suplementación con metformina en pacientes con preeclampsia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de las publicaciones de PubMed, Web of Science, Psyc INFO y CINAHL.
- Buscado usando los términos: "metformina" y "preeclampsia" o "hipertensión" y "gestación".
Principales resultados:
- Cuatro estudios mostraron que la metformina redujo significativamente la incidencia de la preeclampsia severa (12,1% frente al 20,7%).
- La metformina disminuyó las tasas de preeclampsia y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (P=0,04, P=0,035).
- Los niveles maternos de sEng y sFLT-1 disminuyeron después del tratamiento con metformina.
Conclusiones:
- La metformina redujo efectivamente la preeclampsia superpuesta en mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión crónica.
- La metformina puede ser superior a otros medicamentos en la prevención de los trastornos de la hipertensión relacionados con el embarazo.
- Son esenciales otros ensayos aleatorizados bien diseñados debido a las limitaciones del estudio.
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