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Asociación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D y los eventos adversos después de las cirugías de hombro: una revisión

Dimitrios V Papadopoulos¹, Athanasios Kontogiannis¹, Nikolaos Stavropoulos¹

¹Second Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Indian journal of orthopaedics

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

La deficiencia de vitamina D aumenta el riesgo de eventos adversos después de la cirugía del hombro, incluidas las reparaciones del manguito rotador y las artroplasias totales del hombro. Los pacientes con niveles bajos de vitamina D tienen 1,2 veces más probabilidades de experimentar complicaciones.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía ortopédica
Ciencias de la nutrición
Cuidados postoperatorios

Sus antecedentes:

La deficiencia de vitamina D es una preocupación creciente en la cirugía ortopédica.
Su impacto en los resultados postoperatorios, particularmente después de procedimientos en el hombro, requiere una investigación exhaustiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar si la deficiencia de vitamina D está asociada con un aumento de eventos adversos después de la reparación del manguito rotador (RCR) y la artroplastia total del hombro (TSA).

Principales métodos:

Una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de los estudios de cohorte observacional y de casos y controles.
Buscado en las bases de datos de PubMed y SCOPUS para estudios publicados hasta mayo de 2023.
Se calcularon coeficientes de probabilidad combinados (OR) e intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% para los eventos adversos, incluidos los reincidentes y las cirugías de revisión.

Principales resultados:

Se incluyeron cuatro estudios con más de 41.000 sujetos.
Los pacientes con deficiencia de vitamina D tuvieron una probabilidad 1,23 veces mayor de eventos adversos después de RCR o TSA (OR: 1,23; IC del 95%: 1,14- 1,34; p < 0,001).
El análisis de subgrupos para la RCR mostró una probabilidad 1,19 veces mayor de eventos adversos en pacientes con deficiencia de vitamina D (OR: 1,19, IC del 95%: 1,09 - 1,29, p = 0,019).

Conclusiones:

La deficiencia de vitamina D está relacionada con tasas más altas de eventos adversos después de RCR y TSA.
Se necesita más investigación para aclarar la fisiopatología de esta asociación.

Palabras clave:

Cirugía de revisión Reparación del manguito rotador Complicaciones de la cirugía de hombro Artroplastia total del hombro Deficiencia de vitamina D

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