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Directrices europeas sobre el VIH y la lactancia materna: "Igual, igual, pero diferente" - Resultados de una encuesta
Amy Keane1, Lila Haberl2, Inka Aho3
1The Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, St James Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
HIV medicine
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Las directrices europeas sobre el VIH y la lactancia materna varían, a pesar de la similitud de las investigaciones. Esta revisión consolida las directrices para apoyar las decisiones informadas de los padres que viven con el VIH y sus bebés con respecto a la lactancia materna.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Pediatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La investigación sobre el VIH y la lactancia materna en países de altos ingresos con terapia antirretroviral (ART) consistente y cargas virales suprimidas es limitada.
- La iniciativa Mujeres contra los virus en Europa (WAVE) buscó unificar las directrices europeas sobre el VIH y la alimentación infantil.
- Las directrices tienen por objeto ayudar a los profesionales de la salud y a las personas que viven con el VIH a tomar decisiones informadas sobre la alimentación infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Consolidar y analizar las directrices europeas sobre el VIH y la lactancia materna.
- Identificar las variaciones y los puntos en común de las recomendaciones en los diferentes países europeos.
- Proporcionar un recurso unificado para la toma de decisiones con respecto a la alimentación infantil para las madres que viven con VIH.
Principales métodos:
- WAVE se puso en contacto con representantes de 23 países europeos para obtener sus directrices sobre VIH y lactancia materna.
- Las directrices fueron traducidas al inglés y presentadas entre el 20 de abril y el 26 de mayo de 2023.
- El grupo de lactancia materna WAVE resumió las directrices presentadas, centrándose en los aspectos clave de la alimentación infantil.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron en el análisis diecinueve directrices de veinte países.
- La mayoría de los países recomiendan la alimentación con fórmula como la opción principal para los bebés nacidos de madres con VIH.
- Sin embargo, muchas directrices ofrecen apoyo a los padres que deciden amamantar si se cumplen criterios específicos.
Conclusiones:
- Existen variaciones significativas entre las directrices europeas sobre el VIH y la lactancia materna, a pesar de una base de investigación compartida.
- La consolidación de estas directrices facilita el aprendizaje compartido y la puesta en común de experiencias.
- Esta iniciativa apoya el desarrollo de una cohorte sólida para futuras investigaciones y la creación de directrices mejoradas para padres VIH positivos y sus bebés.
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